REVIEW OF THE PHILIPPINE MEMBRACID^E 



By W. D. FUNKHOUSER 



(From the Entomological Laboratory of Cornell University, 



Ithaca, Neiv Yo7-k) 



TWO PLATES AND 3 TEXT FIGURES 



INTRODUCTION 



The following study has been made with the view of bringing 

 up-to-date the knowledge of those forms of the family Membra- 

 cidse known to occur in the Philippine Islands. This group of 

 homopterous insects, so remarkable for the unusual and peculiar 

 development of the pronotum, is well represented in the fauna 

 of the Islands and, indeed, from this region have emanated 

 some of the most bizarre of the species. 



The extensive and careful collecting of Professor C. F. Baker, 

 of Los Banos, has made it possible to recognize practically all 

 of the species hitherto described, as well as a few forms which 

 are apparently new. These are here reviewed and classified with 

 the hope that they may be made more easily recognizable. The 

 synoptic tables given are admittedly artificial, but it is believed 

 that these keys, based on easily determined structures, even 

 though perhaps unnatural, will make it possible for the student 

 to recognize all of the species known to the Islands at the present 

 time. 



This paper is in no sense monographic and is intended merely 

 as a preliminary contribution toward a more thorough study of 

 the local forms of the family. A brief discussion of each species 

 is given in cases in which the species has been recognized, and a 

 summary is given of the original description of those species 

 which have not been taken in recent years. 



I am greatly indebted to Professor Baker, who has very kindly 

 sent me practically ail of the material on which this study is 

 based and whose excellent collecting has made the work possible. 



SUBFAMILIES OF THE MEMBRACID^ 



Six subfamilies are recognized in the Membracidae, and these 

 may be separated as follows: 



Key to the subfamilies. 



a'. Scutellum wanting or entirely concealed by the pronotum. 

 6'. Tarsi of equal length or the posterior pair longest. 



c*. Anterior tibiae foliaceous Membracinse. 



c'. Anterior tibiae simple. 



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