EEGION BETWEEN BEAR AND WEBEE EIVERS. 331 



Ranges, was formerly covered by a continuous sheet of very heavy Tertia- 

 ries, certainly not less than 7,000 feet in thickness, composed along the 

 shore-lines largely of conglomerates, but having some heavy beds of sand- 

 stone. Passing away from the bounding ranges, the material of these beds 

 grows finer and finer, and, the great mass of the formation being composed 

 of loosely stratified red sands and sandstones, subsequent erosion on the 

 lines of the present rivers and streams has laid bare narrow strips and 

 irregular exposures of the older underlying rocks. 



The Tertiaries to the north of Echo Canon are nearly horizontal, and 

 rise from the river-bed to a vertical height of 3,800 feet. They are chiefly 

 of red sandstones containing some fine shale and clay beds, and limited 

 sheets of conglomerate. In the neighborhood of Echo City, and to the 

 south of Weber River, at the Narrows, namely, at the lowest horizons, the 

 conglomerates have their greatest development. Southwest of Echo City 

 a change is observable, from heavy conglomerates near the level of the 

 river, which extend up 400 and 600 feet, into sandstones, mostly of a dark 

 A^enetian-red, which form the summits of the cliff. The peculiar weather- 

 ing of these sandstones is well seen in Plate XI, which represents the wall 

 of Tertiary beds, bordering the railroad on the north, in Echo Canon. A 

 short distance to the south of l!cho City, following up the Weber, the Ter- 

 tiaries rise, exposing the underlying Cretaceous strata along its west side. 

 The line of contact between the Cretaceous and Tertiary beds now trends 

 back from the river, the lowest members of the latter being about 1,000 to 

 1,200 feet above the stream. This line of contact swings around, occupying 

 the hills to the north of Silver Creek, and skirting the Cretaceous formations 

 which lie along the northern side of Parley's Park. 



From Wanship down to Echo City, the whole valley of the Weber 

 is in Cretaceous strata, which strike diagonally across it, and dip to the 

 northwest and north at varying angles, as will be hereafter described. On 

 the east side of Weber Valley, to the south of Echo City, a belt, of about a 

 mile or a mile and a half in width, of Tertiary conglomerates extends along 

 the south of Echo Canon up to about 10 miles from its mouth. To the 

 south of this line, the Tertiaries have been eroded away, and the whole 

 ridges, as far as two or three miles south of Chalk Creek, are formed of 



