PALEOZOIC FOEMATIOiTS OF THE PINON RANGE. 555 



stone. The limestone, which makes its appearance, conformably overlying 

 the quartzite, just north of Willow Creek, -and to the south of it, and again 

 upon Hot Spring Creek, is similar in all respects to the limestone west of 

 Kaven's Nest Peak, with the same predominance of earthy buff beds in the 

 first 1,200 or 1,500 feet. The limestones from Willow Creek south do not 

 rise so high in the series as at the north. Those at the north, upon purely 

 structural grounds, from evidence obtained in so many other localities, are 

 divided into the Devonian, Sub-Carboniferous, and Lower Coal- Measures ; 

 or, in other words, all three divisions of the Wahsatch limestone. The Sub- 

 Carboniferous, throughout our entire area, is such a narrow belt, that it is 

 exceedingly difficult to recognize it ; but, in such a conformable deep-water 

 series, it seems highly probable, with the Sub-Carboniferous probably 

 occurring at White Pine, that it should be represented here. The line 

 between the Devonian and Sub-Carboniferous is drawn quite sharply at 

 Hamilton and Eberhardt in the White Pine Mountains, but cannot with 

 equal certainty be laid down in the region of Raven's Nest Peak. Farther 

 to the southward in the range, evidence was obtained showing conclusively 

 that about 1,200 feet of limestone, which overlie the Ogden Quartzite, con- 

 tains organic remains, of which the Upper Helderberg marks the highest 

 horizons. The occurrence of Devonian beds, as high as the Grenesee 

 slates, as well as the Upper Helderberg at White Pine, indicates that the 

 summit of the Devonian series must be placed a few hundred feet above 

 the Helderberg line. Accordingly, on the hills west of Raven's Nest 

 Peak, the hypothetical line separating the Devonian from the Sub-Car- 

 boniferous is carried about 1,500 feet above the Ogden Quartzite. 



The geological section across the Pinon Range represented at the base 

 of the geological map is made through the peak at the head of Pony Creek, 

 and shows the flat anticlinal of Ogden Quartzite occupying the crest and 

 higher summits, with the Devonian limestone dipping gently away both to 

 the east and west. On the east side, the upper limestone beds are con- 

 cealed by a heavy outburst of rhyolite, which extends to the plains, while 

 on the west side the Humboldt Pliocene and Quaternary beds rest directly 

 against the limestone. In the section, the Ute-Pogonip limestone and Cam- 



