1858.] LECKENBT KELLOWAT FOSSILS, YOEKSHIRE. 5 



deposits as it usually appears. This band, which immediately under- 

 lies the Oxford Clay, never exceeds 5 inches in thickness, and after 

 a course of 50 yards, thins out into a bed containing much decom- 

 posed lignite, and which at this point forms a passage into the 

 Oxford Clay above. The great mass below, presenting a thickness 

 of nearly 30 feet, is entirely unfossiliferous. The thin deposit at 

 the top, and the passage into beds of lignite, seem to indicate the 

 gradual filling up of some shallow sea of that period. 



From the southern extremity of Gristhorp Bay, the Kelloway 

 Rock is seen on the cliff, from the base to a height of fi.fteen to 

 twenty feet, presenting, by its laminated markings and longitudinal 

 fissures, an appearance of artificial masonry. It gradually ascends 

 northward (the fossiliferous band having (fisappeared), until, about 

 midway in the bay, it passes inland. 



The underlying Cornbrash is well developed about halfway up the 

 cliff, and has been occasionally quarried and sent to Hull for conver- 

 sion into cement. 



The projecting point of Red Cliff presents the next important sec- 

 tion, and here the Kelloway Rock assumes its more general litho- 

 logical character. Here also occur in abundance two species of 

 Ammonites which characterize the rock in Wiltshire (Am. Kcenigi 

 and Am. suhlcevis), so exactly similar, that if mixed in a cabinet, it 

 would be next to impossible to separate the northern from the 

 southern examples. Here two distinct zones of fossils, and the fol- 

 lowing section, in a descending order, may be observed. 



feet. 



A. Moderately compact irony sandstone, 1-| foot thick, tra- 



versed by darkened veins of the same metallic character, 

 across which Ammonites are often placed, and which 

 divide the fossil into separate portions when an attempt 

 is made to extract it. This bed is characterized by the 

 presence of Am. Kcenigi, Am. jleodcostatus, and Belem- 

 nites tornatilis. Am. jleocicostatus is here special to the 

 bed. 



B. Loose friable sand and sandstones, without fossils 4 



C. Bed similar to A, but much richer in organic remains, 



containing, besides Am. Kcenigi and Belemnites tornatilis, 

 Am. suhlcevis, A. Goiuerianus, A. Chamuseti, Pholado- 

 mya acuticosta, Mocliola 'pulchra, Terebratulce, Gryphcea 

 dilatata, and other shells. It is more nodular and cherty 

 than the upper zone, and its fossils are better preserved 1^ 



D. Compact sandstone, entirely unfossiliferous, with the rare 



exception of a stray Belemnite or Ammonite in the centre 

 of one of its huge blocks 20 



The same divisions obtain at the Castle Hill, Scarborough, which 

 point next claims our attention. A fine section near the pier may 

 be advantageously examined, and it is here that a flooring of the 

 rock has yielded an abundance of its finest and most characteristic 

 fossils. The upper zone, as at Red Cliff, contains Ammonites 



