GODWIN- AUSTEN KASHMERE. 221 



and to a shingle which he describes under the gravel at Cowes. I 

 cannot, however, do better than refer the reader to the several 

 papers themselves, as they abound in information connected with 

 this and many collateral subjects*. 



On the Lacfstresi; or TCau^watt Deposits of Kashmeee. 



Bj H. Haveesham Godwin- Austen, Capt. H.M. 24th Eegt., 



Kashmere Survey. 



[In Letters, dated May — October, 1857, and February, 1858, to R. A. Gtodwin- 



AusTEN, Esq., F.Gr.S.] 



(Read June 23, 1858.) 



Tkeee is a point of geological interest at a place called Kuttai (on 

 the Eiver Jhelum, going up to Baramula), where the surface is co- 

 vered with enormous granite-boulders. At a march and a half (22 

 miles) further on, they occur again, at a place called Oorie, and 

 extend up the valley, past a place called Gingle, about 12 miles. 

 Yigne notices this place (Oorie) in his ^ Travels 'f. The hills at 

 Kuttai are of limestone, and at Gingle of a basaltic rock. Mr. Yigne 

 says, — " I know of no granite in Kashmere except in Hara-mook, 

 but not in situ. Hara-mook rises opposite the entrance to the 

 Baramula Pass J ; and the same medium must hd^Ye floated oi forced 

 the granite of Deotsuh to either place from the northward." This 

 passage in Mr. Vigne's work has given rise to the notion that glaciers 

 from Hara-mook once extended across the valley of Kashmere. If 

 this had been the case, it seems to me that some few blocks or 

 boulders would be found scattered across the valley, and left at 

 various heights on the slopes above the river (Jhelum). Such, how- 

 ever, is not the case : the granite-blocks on the surface at Kuttai, 

 Oorie, and Gingle are never higher than the level of the " alluvial " 

 plain ; and these are found through the whole thickness of the allu- 

 vium from top to bottom ; as may be seen in the sections, when the 

 nullahs cut through it. 



The following plans and sketches (figs. 1, 2, and 3), taken along 

 the Jhelum, will show the character of the deposit, and its position 

 at the places named, beginning with Kuttai. 



The river at Kuttai is very rapid. The dotted part in fig. 1 is 

 that covered with granite-boulders, and has a breadth of 2J miles. 

 It is limited by the Jhelum on the south, which has cut through its 

 entire thickness, and by a torrent, which discharges into the Jhelum 

 from the north {a). The cliflfe at h are nearly 200 feet high. The 

 torrent from the north has the alluvial beds on the left, and the base 



* Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. vi. p. 69 ; vol. vii. pp. 118 & 278 ; vol. xi. p. 282 ; 

 and vol. xiu. p. 40. 



t Vol. i. p. 278-279. 



X Mr. Vigne (p. 283-4) supposes that the Baramula Pass was produced by a 

 great rent, at which time it was choked by the mass of alluvium now found 

 there. 



k2 



