PREFACE. ix 



Upper Lias of Ilminster ; to Mr. Etheridge, Bristol, for several rare urchins ; to Mr. G. E. 

 Gavey, C.E., for the donation of several fine Crinoidea and Asteroidea, from the Middle 

 Lias of Chipping-Campden, and for the loan of his finest specimens for figuring in this 

 work ; to the Earl of Ducie, for the loan of his unique Solaster Moretonis, Forbes, and 

 several fine Cretaceous Cidaris and Star Fishes ; to Mr. John Leckenby, Scarborough, 

 for much useful information relative to the distribution of the Yorkshire Oolitic Echinoder- 

 mata, and for the gift of several specimens; to Dr. Murray, Scarborough, for the 

 donation of several rare Coralline Oolite Pygasters and Fyguri, collected by him at Ayton ; 

 to Mr. Reed, York, for much valuable information regarding the Whitwell beds of 

 Inferior Oolite, and for the gift of type specimens of Tygaster semisulcatus, Phil., and 

 EcJiinus germinans, Phil.; to Mr. Wood, Richmond, Yorkshire, for the gift of fine 

 specimens of EcJdnoirissus orbicularis, Phil., Echinobrissus dimidiatus, Phil., and 

 Woodocrinus macrodactylus, de Koninck, and for kindly placing his beautiful collection of 

 Crinoidea at my disposal ; to Mr. Charles Fowler, Cheltenham, for the gift of Cidaris 

 Fowleri; to Mr. Davidson, of Brighton, for the uniform interest he has taken in the 

 success of this work, for the specimens he has contributed, the manuscript plates he has 

 lent, and the introductions he has given me to several distinguished Continental naturalists, 

 who have kindly supplied much useful information. 



I desire to make my warmest acknowledgments to M. Michelin, of Paris, who possesses 

 the finest collection extant of living and fossil Echinodermata, for the magnificent series of 

 type specimens he most generously contributed to my cabinet for comparison with English 

 forms ; to M. Bouchard-Chantereaux, of Boulogne, for a series of Echinoderms from the 

 Oolitic rocks of the Boulonnais ; to M. Cotteau, of Coulommiers, for the types of the 

 species described by him in his ' Etudes sur les Echinides Fossiles du departement de 

 I'Yonne ;' to M. Triger, of le Mans, for a suite of specimens collected by him from the 

 Oohtes in the departement de la Sarthe ; to Professor Deslongchamps, of Caen, for the 

 specimens collected by him from the Oolites of Calvados, and determined by M. Agassiz ; 

 to M. de Loriere, of Paris, for many rare urchins from the departement de la Sarthe ; to 

 Professor Roemer, for the types of several of his brother's species from the Oolites of 

 Hanover ; to Dr. Fraas, of Stuttgart, for the types of many of Count Miinster and Professor 

 Goldfuss's species from the Royal Museum of Wilrttemberg ; to Professor de Koninck, of 

 Liege, Dr. Oppel, of Stuttgart, and M. Ssemann, of Paris, for good types of many 

 Foreign species. 



My warmest thanks are likewise due to my friend Mr. S. P. Woodward, of the British 

 Museum, for kindly acting as my referee in the prosecution of this work, and for the many 

 valuable suggestions he has made during its preparation and progress, as well as for the 

 assistance he has given me in comparing my specimens with Foreign types in the British 

 Museum, and aiding in the determination of dubious forms. 



The late Sir Henry de la Beche, Director-General of the Geological Survey of Great 

 Britain, most liberally gave me free access to all the specimens contained in the Geological 



