ANNIVERSAET ADDEESS OF THE PRESIDENT. IxxiU 



The author then observes that, " as the stratigraphical and palae- 

 ontological researches point to three distinct periods from the com- 

 mencement of the Quaternary epoch down to the historic times, so 

 the study of the remains of human industry, so constantly recurring 

 with the different faunas described above, also prove that these 

 divisions are correct ;" and he assumes that from the commencement 

 of the Quaternary epoch there are in the south of France three great 

 distinct phases in the palseontological history of this period, as well 

 as in the history of the civilization of the peoples which have lived 

 since the commencement of that epoch. 



1. In the first great phase, Man was the cotemporary of the 

 great Cave Bear, and of all those animals which have been shown 

 as accompanying this great mammifer. The bones of these animals 

 lie together, broken by man, either in the old Quaternary^alluviums of 

 the sub-Pyrenean valleys, in caves, situated from 150 to 250 metres 

 above the level of the present valleys. The remains of human in- 

 dustry found with the remains of these extinct mammifers indicate 

 an early art somewhat resembling that of the stone implements of 

 Abbeville. 



2. During this first phase the great Carnivora and Pachydermata 

 became extinct. The Eeindeer, owing to favourable conditions, 

 increased and multiplied, and became characteristic of a second 

 phase, during which Man had not yet learnt to domesticate animals. 

 But human industry had made considerable progress : the fiints are 

 prepared with art and neatness, and bones are worked with more in- 

 telligence, as they show traces of sculpture and drawing. The Hein- 

 deer and its accompanying fauna are found in grottos situated near 

 the foot of the mountain, and at a lower level than those which con- 

 tain the Ursus speloeus ; they are also found in some caves in beds 

 overlying those which contain the mammifers of the older period. 



3. The third phase is characterized by a fauna consisting chiefly 

 of domesticated animals, the remains of which are found at the 

 mouths of caves in the bottoms of the valleys, and sometimes in a 

 soil which forms beds overlying those containing either the great 

 Cave Bear or the Reindeer. Man has learnt to polish stones, they 

 are only occasionally cut ; he is acquainted with agriculture, but 

 has not yet learnt the use of metals. 



The author then applies these principles, with the same results, to 

 the other parts of Erance, as well as to Belgium and the west of Ger- 

 many, and concludes with a chronological review of the various 

 Mammalia composing the old Quaternary fauna, to serve as a basis 

 for the geological history of Man, which the author subdivides into 

 various epochs, from the doubtful Pliocene of Chartres to the earliest 

 historic period, and concludes with a sketch of some of the geolo- 

 gical causes which have led to the cave-phenomena of the Pyre- 

 nees, and a statement of the different heights at which these caves 

 occur, for which I must refer you to the work itself. 



In continuation of his great work on * Paleontologie Stratigra- 

 phique,' M. d'Arehiac has published another volume, entitled ' Lo- 

 gons sur la faune Quaternaire,' which the editor considers as a con- 



