ANNTVEKSAKY ADDBESS OF THE PEESIDEJST. Ixxxix 



discovery of neAV facts as well as by the application of new theories. 

 He shows that this has been the case in every branch of science. 

 Zoology, propped up by comparative anatomy, is now a very dif- 

 ferent science from what it was ; it is the same in the case of geo- 

 logy, both theoretical and practical. About 20,000 works or me- 

 moirs have as yet appeared on geological geography, the publication 

 of which, during the last fifty years, shows a kind of geometrical pro- 

 gression. The range of geological science increases in proportion as 

 we discover new facts, and these again increase the number of for- 

 mations and the limits of their successive beds. 



M. Bone then points out the difiiculties he had to contend 

 with when he made his expeditions into Turkey, partly owing to the 

 social and physical condition of the country itself, and partly to the 

 total absence of all knowledge respecting the physical features of the 

 country and the want of correct maps. Even the geology of the 

 neighbouring countries with which that of Turkey in Europe is con- 

 nected, namely, the Eastern Alps, the Carpathians, and Transylvania, 

 was but imperfectly knoAvn at that time. Thanks to the Geological 

 Institute of Vienna, these points have now been clearly made out, 

 and we have the means of instituting a more satisfactory comparison 

 between the formations of the two districts ; but a new expedition 

 into Turkey in Europe is much wanted. In the meantime, M. Bone 

 endeavours in the following propositions to point out some of the 

 errors contained in his former works : — 



1. He is convinced of the existence of the Palaeozoic system in 

 Turkey in Europe, not only along the Bosphorus and in the central 

 portion of the chain which runs along the coast of the Black Sea, the 

 Little Balkan, but also in the centre of Upper Moesia, and in the 

 middle of Bosnia, about Yoinitza, towards Trawnik and Kiseliak. 



2. If the old Carboniferous formation appears to be wanting in 

 Turkey, the Trias of the Alps and the Carpathians, with its peculiar 

 fades, exists in many places, as in the south-east of Servia, in 

 Western Bulgaria and Upper Moesia (part of Servia), and in parts of 

 Bosnia. He does not believe it exists in Epirus or Albania. It is 

 probably covered up by younger formations in the Herzegovina. M. 

 Hauer has found a trace of it at the southern extremity of Austrian 

 Albania. 



3. The Alpine Lias, that compact and partly dolomitized limestone 

 characterized by ilfc(jf«?oc/o7i, appears to occupy a considerable portion 

 of Turkey, particularly in Bosnia and Servia, and many other locali- 

 ties which are mentioned by the author with more or less cer- 

 tainty. 



4. Yarious Jurassic lech, which, for want of evidence, cannot be 

 more specially described, occur in the mountains of the Bannat and 



►Servia, and in the south-west of Servia, in Bosnia, and in Mount 

 Pindus, now Mezzovo, and in the chain of Agropotamos [query As- 

 propotamos ?]. He also is of opinion that the beds of Kossen and of 

 Hierlatz occur in Bosnia. 



5. The Dolomitic formation forms a serrated and sometimes double 

 ridge between the Prokletia and the Albanian Drino as far as Yronatz 



