ANNIVEKSARY ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT. XCVll 



describing first the physical features of the different regions, and 

 then their respective geological formations in the following order : — 

 1. Palaeozoic; 2. Mesozoic; 3. Cainozoic, divided into brown coal- 

 beds and marine deposits ; 4. Post-tertiary formations ; 5. Yolcanic. 



Amongst the volcanic phenomena hot springs and fumarole are 

 most remarkable, and developed to an extent which can only be 

 compared with the analogous phenomena in Iceland. Both the 

 chemical and mechanical features in these hot springs are identically 

 the same, notwithstanding the vast distance by which they are 

 separated. Another remarkable fact is, that the crystalline, or 

 metamorphic rocks, as well as the igneous rocks, as granite, syenite, 

 &c., which form so important a feature in the southern island, are 

 altogether wanting in the northern island. 



The second part of this work contains, as I have said before, an 

 account of the Palaeontology of New Zealand, and consists of the 

 following monographs : — 



I. Remains of Possil Plants, with 5 plates, by Dr. Franz Unger. 



II. Fossil MoUusca and Echinodermata, with 10 plates, by Dr. 

 Karl Zittel. The Brachiopods, by Edward Suess. 



III. The Foraminifera of the Tertiary Greensand of Orakei Bay, 

 near Auckland, with one plate, by Felix Karrer. 



ly. Fossil Bryozoa from the Tertiary Sandstone of Orakei Bay, 

 near Auckland, with 4 plates, by Dr. Ferdinand Stoliczka. 



Y. The Foraminifera of the Tertiary Marl of Whaingaroa Har- 

 bour (Auckland), with 4 plates, by Dr. Guide Stache. 



YI. Report on an almost perfect skull of Pala^teryx, with 2 

 plates, by Dr. Gustav Jaeger. 



Dr. Stache concludes his interesting monograph (No. Y.) with 

 some important generalizations, and shows that this foraminiferous 

 fauna belonged to two groups, evidently derived from two different 

 sea-depths ; and vsdth regard to their geological age, he shows that 

 they bear the greatest resemblance to the Neogene fauna of the 

 Yienna basin, whilst at the same time there are indications of an 

 older period, approaching the Upper Oligocene beds of the north 

 of Germany. 



I must now direct your attention to a work entitled ' Frost and 

 Fire,' by Mr. J. F. Campbell, which will be read with satisfaction 

 by all who are interested in the physical causes which have led to 

 the structure of the earth's surface. Although the style of the work 

 is somewhat quaint, and the arguments occasionally slightly obscure, 

 we cannot but admire the energy and perseverance with which the 

 author pursued his researches after the causes, whether heat or cold, 

 frost or fire, which have been at work as the tools and forces which 

 have shaped the earth's crust, either by denudation, deposition, or 

 upheaval. 



Starting from various physical calculations, balloon observations, 

 and the temperature on high mountains, he assumes that a low tem- 

 perature exists in the space through which the earth travels. De- 

 scending from these outer regions, through " air," " water," and 

 "rocks," to mines, he finds that the temperature increases towards the 



VOL. XXII. g 



