1865.] 



DAWSOJiT COAL-FORMATIO]!ir. 



95 



and scales of fish (Hyhodus), &c. ; but after a careful search on several 

 occasions, neither Mr. Parker, myself, nor the workmen could find 

 any more, or discover its exact position in situ. The lithological 

 character of this " bone-bed" was rather different from that which it 

 usually presents, the bones and teeth being imbedded in a hard mass 

 of limestone-conglomerate, made up of lighter-coloured angular frag- 

 ments of limestone forming a kind of coarse breccia. On another 

 visit to Milton Lane, after I had left Wells, Mr. Parker informed 

 me that a further excavation nearer to the Mendips exhibited a 

 slight difference in the stratum No. 8, which was much faulted and 

 broken up, one side being let down, with an intervening band of dark 

 shale belonging, I suppose, to the " Avicula-contorta zone." 



Decembee 20, 1865. 

 Hugh Leonard, Esq., C.E., Calcutta ; William Lyon, Esq., J.P., 

 Wellington, New Zealand; Moses Pullen, Esq., Painswick, Glou- 

 cestershire; and Charles Stavely Rooke, M.I.C.E., 12 Blenham 

 Terrace, Leeds, were elected fellows. 

 The following communication was read : — 



On the CoifDiTiONS of the Deposition" of Coal, more especially as 

 illustrated by the Coal-poematiojst of Nova Scotia and New 

 Brunswick. By J. W. Dawson^, LL.D., E.E.S., E.G.S., Principal 

 of M^'Gill College, Montreal. 



[Plates V-XII.] 

 CONTEIfTS. 



I. Introduction. 

 II. General Considerations relating 

 to Physical Conditions. 

 1, Physical Characters of the several 

 Coal-formations. 



a. The Upper Coal-formation. 



b. The Middle Coal-formation, 

 or Coal-measures proper. 



c. The " Millstone-grit " for- 

 mation. 



d. The Lower Carboniferous 

 Marine formation. 



e. The Lower Coal-measures. 



2. Physical Conditions attending 



the Deposition of the Coal- 

 formations. 



3. Geological Cycles. 



4. Summary of facts relating to the 



mode of accumulation of Coal. 



III. Details of the Character and Fossil 



Contents of the several Beds of 



Coal, as exposed in the South 



Joggins Section. 



1. Introduction. 



2. Logan's Section. 



a. Division 1. e. Division 5. 



b. Division 2. /. Division 6. 



c. Division 3. y. Division 7. 



d. Division 4. h. Division 8. 

 IV. Remarks on the Animals and 



Plants whose remains occur in 

 the Coal. 



1. Introduction. 



2. Coniferous Trees. 



3. Sigillarise. 



4. Calamodendron. 



5. Calamites. 



6. Asterophyllites, &c. 



7. Filices. 



8. Megaphyton. 



9. Lepidodendron. 



10. Lepidophloios. 



11. Cordaites, or Pychnophylhini. 



12. Sporangites. 



13. Tissues in the Mineral Charcoal. 



a. Bast tissue. 



b. Vascular bundles of Perns. 



c. Scalariform vessels. 



d. Discigerous wood-cells. 



e. Epidermal tissue. 



14. Eate of growth of Carbonife- 



rous Plants. 



15. Bivalve Shells. 



16. Spirorbis carbonarius. 



17. Crustacea. 



18. Fishes. 



19. Land-animals. 



V. Appendix : Descriptive List of 

 Carboniferous Plants found in 

 Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 



