448 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOOrCAL SOCIETY. [Apr. 11, 



Bournda a white waxy mineral, which comes very near " Bog But- 

 ter" in appearance and chemical composition. Probably this was 

 a peaty product, and, as such, is in correspondence with the Bournda 

 deposit, to which latter it is difficult to assign either the name of peat 

 or lignite. I have called it " bog stuff." 



The following results of distillation assign its actual character : — 



r Clay and sand 15'60 



Eesidue \ Other inorganic matter 068 



[Carbon 8-75 



Tt- -a /Water 48-00 



Volatile Products \ '^'^'''^ 1 Tar-oil 8-00 



[Oaseous 19-00 100-03 



The tar-oil is butter-like and viscid, but it contains a proportion 

 of what is called solar oil, lubricating oil, and paraffin, to the amount 

 of 35 per cent. 



The gas was at first bluish at low temperatures, but became after- 

 wards white, and very offensive from sulphuretted and phosphor- 

 etted hydrogen. 



It may be suggested that, mixed with the better-class coal of 

 New South Wales, it is hkely to be valuable for the production of 

 gas. It has been ascertained by actual experiment that three tons 

 of this Bournda deposit are equal, in the manufacture of sulphuric 

 acid, to two tons of coke. 



12. Conclusions. — The chief conclusions arrived at are : — 



1. That, with the exception of the Stony Creek Cannel, all the 

 oil-producing deposits occur in the Upper Coal-measures ; and that 

 the Cannel of Stony Creek, on the river Hunter, occurs in the 

 Lower Coal-measures, which are above the Lower Marine beds with 

 Trilobites, below which, again, are numerous fossiliferous beds before 

 the porphyry is reached. 



2. That the Cannel belongs to beds in which Glossopteris occurs, 

 and therefore may be a slight additional evidence of their antiquity, 

 as it is an analogue of the " Bog Head" Cannel of Scotland. 



3. BemarTcs on the Copper-mines of the State of Michigan. 

 By Hilary Baijerman, Esq., P.G.S. 



Contents. 



1. Introduction. 



2. Structure. 



3. Metallic Minerals of the District. 



4. Mode of Occurrence of the Copper. 



5. Distribution and Association of the 



Copper. 



6. Mines of the Northern District. 



7. Ontonagon District. 



8. Paragenesis. 



9. Origin of the Copper. 



1. Introduction. — The remarks contained in the following pages are 

 the results of a general examination of the mines of Kcwecnau Point, 

 made during the summer of 1865 ; and although the subject is not a 

 new one, having been elaborately treated by Professor Whitney in two 

 different works, and having received subsequent notices from Messrs. 

 Eivot, Borie, and others, still the progress of mining enterprise has 



