476 PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [May 9, 



well, thoTigh the pits are but a mile apart and the gravel is con- 

 tinuous ; but the level is a little lower. 



Examined generally, the gravel is formed of layers which extend 

 pretty continuously round the pit. The lowest layer exhibited is 

 quite a coarse bed, with pebbles, mostly rounded. About two feet 

 above this is a bed of yellowish-brown marl, almost clay, irregular in 

 thickness, from a few inches to four feet. At times cuttings display 

 one or two similar but thinner beds in the upper part of the section. 

 The lines of bedding are partly marked by change of material, but 

 for the most part by infiltration of the red oxide of iron. 



The most important stratum is the marl-bed, first described by the 

 Eev. P. B. Brodie ; for in this are found fragments of plants, seed- 

 vessels of Char a, and many shells, some freshwater, others land forms, 

 nearly all now living in Britain, and only a few differing as varieties 

 from the common English species. Here, too, are found the bones of 

 various mammals, probably all, or nearly all, extinct ; and in the same 

 bed is evidence of man in his work. The gravel- diggers state that 

 the bones are generally found in the marl-bed. Neither the friable 

 shells, nor the larger bones, seem much, if at all, worn. 



It had long been a matter of astonishment that the bed had never 

 given any evidence of a carnivorous animal ; but my friend, Mr. 

 Dewick, of St. John's College, first supplied the evidence of their 

 existence by finding a phalange ; and Mr. Earren afterwards 

 showed me a well-preserved jaw of the great Cave-tiger from 

 Barnwell. 



The bones from Barnwell are : — 



Bos. — Right OS calcis, distal end of left femur, right and left me- 

 tatarsus, left astragalus, and glenoid end of scapula. 



Equus. — Distal end of right tibia, hoof, 1st phalange, and 2nd 

 phalange, distal end of left humerus, and teeth. 



Cervus (megaceros, var.). ^Distal end of left tibia, distal end of 

 metacarpus, right astragalus, distal end of left humerus, cranium, 

 palate, and left tibia, antler, &c. 



Cervus (small). — Scapula and left os innominatum. 



Rhinoceros (tichorhinus), — Last premolar right side lower jaw, 

 penultimate molar right side upper and lower jaws, penultimate 

 molar left side upper jaw, and last molar right side upper jaw ; 

 right astragalus, 6th and 7th cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae, 

 right tibia (very young), proximal end of left radius, right condyle 

 of left femur, middle left metatarsal, distal end of left humerus, left 

 tibia, and cranium. 



Elephas primigenius. — Eoiirth metatarsal right leg, middle meta- 

 carpal right leg,' femur, carpal, last true molar right side, set of 

 molars, tusks large and small, and cervical vertebrae. 



Elephas antiquus. — Molar lower jaw. 



Hippopotamus. — Eight os calcis, left os calcis, and incisor tooth. 



The land and freshwater shells of Barnwell are given from a list 

 prepared by Mr. Dewick from the specimens in his own collection, 

 which is the best yet made : — 



