1866.] GUPPY WEST-INDIAN TERTIARIES. 587 



Schizaster Sdlloe is another species common to the Miocene of 

 Anguilla and the Maltese beds. No recent species are known of 

 Schizaster in the West Indies, the only species so described {Peri - 

 aster Cuhensis) being really a fossil from Cuba and Guadeloupe. 

 The present distribution of the six recent species, including two 

 Periasters, is North Europe, Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Australia. 

 These three genera are plentifully represented in the European 

 Miocene. A moUusk of strongly marked type, which has analogous 

 relations, is Tellina hipUcata, found fossil in North America, in San 

 Domingo, and Cuba, and in the Caroni series of Trinidad. It is 

 closely allied to T. Sohralensis of the Portuguese Tertiaries, and to T, 

 ephipjpium of the Indian seas. Among the extinct forms we find 

 many relationships of this sort ; but in aU the cases here cited the 

 affinity is most decided ; and I have confined myself to those where 

 the indicated alliances of the fossils are much more close than to any 

 existing West-Indian forms, and I have avoided genera such as 

 Natica, Turritella, Pecten, Murex, &c., where the affinities of dif- 

 ferent species are so various and complex as to render comparisons 

 somewhat doubtful. But I will now consider the bearing, which is 

 scarcely less remarkable, of some of those still- existing species of 

 MoUusca which have been found in the Caribean Miocene. The 

 most noticeable of these are Bulla striata, Lucina Pennsylvanica, and 

 L. tigrina. The two former, which occur in the European Miocene, 

 have not, I believe, been found in the Eastern seas, nor do they 

 exist on the west coast of America. Had they not been discovered 

 in the Caribean Miocene, their existence in the West-Indian seas 

 might have been cited to show that species from the European Mid- 

 tertiary fauna had migrated to the West Indies, whereas now that 

 they are found to occur in the Miocene of the West Indies such an 

 inference becomes more doubtful. Lacina tigrina is so well-known 

 and so well-marked a species that its distribution is of some interest 

 here. We find that this species, fossil in the Miocene of San 

 Domingo and of Europe, is now found living in the West Indies, at 

 Senegal, in the Red Sea, the Mozambique Channel, and the Indian 

 seas, and it also occurs fossil in Egypt*. It does not occur on the 

 west coast of America. But in order to avoid the inevitable length 

 to which this paper would run were I to attempt to enumerate all 

 the cases of this kind, I have appended a table in which a few of the 

 most striking of these affinities are displayed. I will therefore con- 

 clude this part of the subject by mentioning two more instances — 

 that of the genus Cassidaria, wMch is represented by two species in 

 the Caribean Miocene, but confined in the living state to the Medi- 

 terranean, and that of the genus Malea, which, like Cassidaria, has 

 species in the Miocene of Europe, but its living species occur in the 

 Eastern seas, none being knovm from the West Indies. 



* Deshayes, Conchyliologie, vol. i. pt. 2. p. 795. 



