1878.] H. G. Keene—J^ofes on a Ilap of tie Mughal Umpire. 155 



yielded a revenue — inclusive of customs — which exceeded a h^or of Rupees. 

 This province was largely washed by the sea ; and, besides the native 

 capital Ahmadabad, contained Baroda and other large towns. The Portu- 

 guese had a settlement at Surat and made encroachments, towards the end 

 of Akbar's reign, over the neighbouring districts. 



The so-called Subah of Ajmik was one of the largest provinces, 

 answering nearly to the modern Rajputana. It was divided into three 

 principal chiefships, Mewar, Marwar and Harauti — corresponding to the 

 modern Rajadoms of Udaipur, Jodhpur and Kota-Bundi. Other princi- 

 palities, such as Dhundar (Jaipur) were not apparently thought of much 

 importance by Abul Fazl, as they are not named in his list. The country 

 was fine, the climate healthy, and the population hardy ; but the revenue 

 was nothing more than a tribute estimated by Abul Fazl at Rs. 5,71,000 

 and paid (when payment could be compelled) by the Hindu chiefs who had 

 been there before the Mughals came, and who very likely will be there 

 after the British are gone. The Emperors were fond of the town of 

 Ajmir, where a famous stock of Persian darveshes or hermits (the Chisties) 

 had taken root. They also intermarried with the houses of Jaipur and 

 Jodhpur ; but the province can only be reckoned nominally among SulaJis. 



DiHLi was a province of average size, with a capital of the same 

 name, and a revenue of one and a half Icror from land. 



Lahoe was a rather larger one, with a capital of the same name and 

 a revenue of nearly the same amount as Dihli. 



MrLTAN was a long' strip of sandy country lying along the left bank 

 of the Indus. Capital Multan : revenue, nearly forty lakhs. 



Tattah was the rest of the Indus Valley ; the revenue only about 

 one lakh and sixty thousand Rupees. 



Kashmir, "the happy valley," and the scarcely less beautiful hills 

 and dales of Kabul, were the Piedmont of the Asian Italy, valued for their 

 climate, sport, and scenery. The revenue given by Abul Fazl is esti- 

 mated in sheep and rice, with the exception of that of Kabul Sircar which 

 is stated at twenty lakhs. Thomas estimates the total yield at no less than 

 80 lakhs. The aggregate of these items amounts to a little below 10 hrors ; 

 but they include some Sdyar items, though how much cannot be deter- 

 mined. In one or two instances in which these are stated separately, they 

 are from 2 to 4 per cent. 



Such was the territorial constitution of the Chaghtai territory till the 

 conquests of Aurangzib. In 1694, Sr. Manucci made a fresh list of the 

 provinces as they existed in his time ; it "is abstracted below, and the num- 

 bering has been brought into correspondence with the annexed sketch-map. 



1. — Bengal, without Orissa, was assessed at over four Icrors (which is 

 three times more than in the other lists). 



