1878.] A. F. K. Hoernle — Nen^ Prahrit Grammar by Clianda. 179 



mentary, and all of them have typical examples added. The second chap- 

 ter is called svaravidhdnam. Accordingly it ought to treat of the changes 

 of vowels ; but more than half of it consists of rules on other subjects. 

 First there are 14 rules on vowel changes ; then follow rules on the inter- 

 change of cases, on i^eculiar Prakrit suffixes and particles, and, finally, even 

 one on the change of the consonant n to d. Altogether there are 45 rules. 

 The third chapter treats of the changes of consonants, both single and con- 

 junct (vyanjanavidlianam) . It contains 41 rules. The fourth chapter 

 treats of the secondary Prakrit dialects in the following orders — the Apa- 

 bhramsa, the Paisachi, the Magadhi or, as it is called in this Grammar, 

 Magadhika, lastly, the Sauraseni. To each of these dialects only one rule 

 is devoted. In conclusion, one more rule is added. It contains a stolca, 

 enumerating six languages (hhdsMs) as well known ones, viz., Sanskrit, 

 Prakrit, Apabhramsa, Paisachi, Magadhi, Sauraseni. The whole chapter 

 therefore, consists only of 5 rules. 



This Grammar has some very striking peculiarities in which it differs, 

 I believe, from all other Prakrit grammars. One is, that it commences with 

 the rules on declension, while all others begin with those on vowel- changes. 

 Again the rules on the particles, which are here added on to the chapter on 

 vowels, are in the grammar of Hema Chandra and others which follow his 

 arrangement, apjDcnded to the chapter on consonants, while in Vararuchi 

 and the grammars of his class they have a separate chapter allotted to 

 them. Again the order of the subordinate Prakrit dialects is here reversed, 

 the Apabhramsa preceding the others, while in the other grammars (Hema 

 Chandra, e. g.,) it comes last. Barring the Apabhramsa, however, Chanda 

 follows the order of Vararuchi who has Paisachi, Magadhi, Sauraseni, not 

 that of Hema Chandra, who takes them in the reversed order, Sauraseni, 

 Magadhi, Paisachi. Again it is remarkable that Chanda has no separate 

 rules on conjugation. So far as he adverts to conjugational forms at all, 

 they are explained under the rules treating of changes, vowels and consonants. 

 Again the most curious peculiarity, perhaps, is that the famous rule of the 

 Paisachi dialect, which substitutes hard for soft consonants (e. y., rdchd for 

 rdjd king), is given by Chanda (3, ii) as an ordinary rule of the principal 

 Prakrit dialect (the so-called Maharashtri). This fact, by the way, will 

 explain the apparent meagreness of Chanda's chapter on the subordinate 

 dialects, as compared with other grammars. This meagreness, I do not think 

 can be taken as an indication of incompleteness of the MS. For though 

 only one rule is devoted to each dialect, yet that rule relates to the most 

 striking peculiarity of each. The omission of the other rules, therefore, 

 appears to have been original and intentional. There are, besides, a great 

 number of minor peculiarities. It would take too long, however, to men- 

 tion them here. 



