1872.] J. Beames — BJuqjsocJies of GcmlMr Bdi. 159 



dan is explained by the fact that Jagat, although he fortified and garrisoned 

 all his strongholds, did not himself stay in any one of them. He entrenched 

 himself in the plain of Man, at the foot of some hills covered with jungle, 

 where he had a villa and met his enemies there. There is the regular old 

 smack of Eajpiit daring and fool-hardiness in this, in fact throughout the 

 whole affaii', Jagat and his son seem to have been playing at rebellion ; per- 

 haps his easy successes over the Muhammadans of Kabul may have put into 

 his head the idea that it would be rather good (Eajpiit) fun to have a brush 

 with the Piidishah and his forces. ?i^ JIT^, planting the pillar, the ?:t5 ■^^, 

 or pillar of war, just as we plant a standard in the middle of a camp. 



^v? Panjabi and Sindi for '^^. The ^ of ^Tcf on disappearing aspi- 

 rates the remaining consonant. 



^t^T is the encampment of bullocks made by the banjaras. Several 

 towns in India are named Tanda from this cause. 



lTT«rrT*r I have taken as a plural of ^Tlf^fT, honom^ed, noble. If divided 

 into ?TT*r ri*r, it is difiicult to make sense of the passage. 



The second poem relates how Jagat pressed the Shah's army rather 

 hard. It is not easy to reconcile this with the fact that they were three to 

 one of Jagat's forces, and that he was the besieged and not they. It need 

 not be quoted whole, the following lines will suffice : 

 ^I^v^ % ^^ ^TT ^^ ^lir ^T^ ^^ II 

 ^KrT % W[-^ ^T^ ^% ^^ ^T^ ^ II 

 ^^fT T •^T?? ^T^ T% ^ ^^^T^ ^TB- ( ^T^). II 



?§T^ f^*r ^^ f^^ mit f^^^T^ % II 



^^^ ^-^X ^TcT^T'^ ^ ^^T ^m % II 

 He is vigilant on all sides to hem in the Shah's army, 

 They smite them at evening and at dawn, this they knew in their minds, 

 One goes not by road or ghat, the Umrao remained not staunch, 

 Without food, mthout water, the armies were distressed. 

 Hearing the news, doubt fell on the Patsah's mind. 

 If we followed the Muhammadan historian's account, it would be per- 

 fectly compatible with the text, so loose and vague is its style, to translate 

 this passage quite the other way. Thus in the first line by making ^TT^^^ 

 the nominative, we might render — 



" The Shah's army were vigilant on all sides to hem Jiim in." 

 But this would not* agree with the assertion that the ' Umi'ao' did not 

 remain firm or staunch ; nor with the anxiety of the Shah, nor with the 

 general scope of the book, which is entirely in glorification of Jagat Singh. 

 ^?; ^T^T I take to be for Hindi "i"^ ^'^'Tr, " to remain suiTound- 

 ing ;" ^^, or ^S, (Sanskrit "^g^T), and ^RT, for ^T^^T, the old infinitive in "^T 

 (^T), which is constantly used in these poems, as in most Pajput dialects, 

 though it has not left any very distinct traces m classical Hindi. 



