BRYOZOA. 109 



are the inferior Jiemisepta. In the Chilostomata the wall is fre- 

 quently only partly calcified and hence in fossil forms the cell 

 opening is very large. Additional pores the avicnlaria are com- 

 monly found. 



Literature. 



General Reference. 



1900. Nickles, John M., and Bassler, Ray S. A synopsis of 

 American Fossil Bryozoa including Bibliography and Synonymy. 

 Bull. 173, U. S. Geol. Survey. This work is indispensable to the stu- 

 dent of Bryozoa. It contains complete references to literature, to date 

 of publicati n, generic descriptions and a bibliography of all described 

 American Palaeozoic species. 



Palaozoic. 

 1847, 1852. Hall, James. Palaeontology of New York, Vols. I. ard 



II. Contains Bryozoa of the Ordovicic and Siluric of New York. 

 1876-79. Hall, James. Fauna of the Niagara Group in central Indi- 

 ana. 28th Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Museum of Natural History; 



Trans. A bany Inst., X., 1883. 

 1879. Nicholson, H. Alleyne. On the structure and affinities of the 



Tabulate Corals of the Palaeozoic period. Edinburgh. 

 1881. Nicholson, H. A. On the structure aid affinities of the genus 



Momiculipora, e f c. Edinburgh. 

 1882-1884. Ulrich, E. O. American Palaeozoic Bryozoa. Journ. 



Cincin. Soc. Nat. Hist., V., VI, VII. 

 1887. Hall, James. Fenestellidse of the Hamilton group of N. Y. 



6th Ann. Rep. State Geologist of N. Y., pp. 43-70, pis. i.-vii. 



1887. Hall, James, and Simpson, Geo. B. Palaeont. of N. Y. VI., 

 Corals and Bryozoa. (Lower and Upper Helderberg, and Hamilton.) 



1888. Hall, James. Fenestellidae of the Lower Helderberg. Rep. 

 State Geol. of N. Y. for 1887. 41st Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 

 Nat. Hist. 



1890. Ulrich, E. O. Palaeozoic Bryozoa. Geol. Surv. of 111., VIII. , 

 pp. 285-688, pis. XXIX.-LXXVIII. 



1891. Hall, James. Continuation of descriptions of Bryozoa not 

 printed in Vol. VI. Pal. of N. Y. 44th Ann. Rep. N. Y. State Mus. 

 Nat. Hist., pp 67-87. 



1893. Ulrich, E. O. Lower Silurian Bryozoa of Minnesota. Geol. 



Minn., III., Pt. I., pp. 96-332, pis. i.-xxviii. 

 1897. Simpson, George B. Handbook of genera of North American 



Palaeozoic Bryozoa. 14th Ann. Rep. State Geologist N. Y. for 1894, 



pp. 407-608, pis. A-E, i.-xxv. 



