BRYOZOA—CYCLOSTOMATA. 125 



surrounded by vesicles ; apertures subradially arranged about the 

 maculae, with more or less strongly developed lunarium, and sepa- 

 rated by smooth or granular interspaces. Siluric to Carbonic. 



28. F. neglecta Rominger. Siluric. 

 Irregular expansion ; base with concentrically wrinkled epitheca ; 



surface with irregularly scattered, smooth maculae, from which the 

 circular to oval oblique apertures radiate irregularly. Generally 

 adheres by celluliferous face. (Generally identified as Lichenalia 

 coucentrica.) 



Niagara of Indiana, Kentucky, etc. 



29. F. torta (Hall). [Lichenalia tovta Hall). (Fig. 183, a-c.) 



Lower Devonic. 



Lamellate expansions, flat or involved and contorted, epitheca 

 finely striated radially on under side, and sharply on upper (when 

 cells are removed), nodose at junction, with concentric striae ; aper- 

 tures circular or oval to trilobate, posterior margin strongly ele- 

 vated and separated by interspaces of equal size with the apertures. 



Helderbergian (Coeymans) of New York, etc. 



30. F. carbonaria Ulrich. (Fig. 182, d.) Carbonic. 

 Irregularly lamellate or submassy, diameter several inches, thick- 

 ness half an inch or a little more. Apertures oval or circular, with 

 thin, inconspicuous peristome, with a single row of angular meso- 

 pores which at intervals form substellate maculae. 



Upper Coal Measures of Missouri, Kansas, etc. 



XXII. Chilotrypa Ulrich. 

 Small, ramose, with narrow, irregularly contracting and expand- 

 ing axial tube; oblique elliptical apertures, the lower margin thick 

 and elevated ; diaphragms few or none. Sil.-Miss. 



31. C. hispida Ulrich. (Fig. 182,^.) Mississippian. 

 Zocecia in regular obliquely intersecting series, 8 or 9 in the 



space of an inch ; small maculae, surrounded by somewhat larger 

 cells ; lip decreasing from posterior end forward ; interspaces dense 

 above, vesicular lower down. 



Chester of Illinois and Kentucky. 



32. C. ostiolata (Hall). (Fig. 184, a, 184, b.) Siluric. 

 Irregularly branching cylindric stems, gradually tapering toward 



the extremities, which are obtuse ; apertures about their extremity 



