442 NORTH AMERICAN INDEX FOSSILS. 



trulum multipunctatum (Heer) HandL, while Scudder has de- 

 scribed one from the Pierre shales of Manitoba (Hylobiites cre- 

 taceus Scudder). Besides these, what has been regarded as 

 ootheca of gigantic Sialidse, Corydalites fecundus Scudder, has 

 been obtained from the Laramie of Colorado, and '' larval mines " 

 of Tineid(E, Tortricidce or Diptera, and insect " galls " from the 

 Dakota group of Kansas and Nebraska. 



C. Cenozoic or Tertiary Insects. 

 Tertiary insects are closely related to modern types, falling into 

 the same orders and families. Numerous systems of classification 

 have been proposed, of which the recent elaborate one of Hand- 

 lirsch, based on phyletic principles is here adopted. Handlirsch 

 divides insects into four classes: I. Collembola (Lubbock), IL 

 Campodeoidea Handl. (Archinsecta Haeckel), IIL Thysanura 

 (Latr.), IV. Pterygogenea Brauer. The last comprises the true 

 winged insects (though there are many wingless ones among them), 

 and is divided into the following subclasses : 



I. ORTHOPTEROIDEA, with the orders i, Orthoptera; 



2, Phasmoidea; 3, Dermaptera; 4, Diploglossata ; 



5, Thysanoptera. 



IL BLATT^FORMIA, with the orders 6, Mantoidea; 7, 



Blattoidea; 8, Isoptera; 9, Corrodentia; 10, Mallo- 



PHAGA, and II, SiPHUNCULATA. 



IIL COLEOPTEROIDEA, with the orders 12, Coleoptera, 



and 13, Strepsiptera. 

 IV. HYMENOPTEROIDEA, with the order 14, Hymenop- 



tera. 

 V. EMBIDARIA, with the order 15, Embioidea. 

 VI. PERLOIDEA, with the order 16, Perlaria. 

 VII. LIBELLULOIDEA, with the order 17, Odonata. 

 VIII. EPHEMEROIDEA, with the order 18, Plectoptera. 

 IX. NEUROPTEROIDEA, with the orders 19, Megaloptera; 



20, Raphidioidea, and 21, Neuroptera. 

 X. PANORPOIDEA, with the orders 22, Panorpat.^; 23, 

 Phryganoidea ; 24, Lepidoptera; 25, Diptera, and 26, 



SUCTORIA. 



XL HEMIPTEROIDEA, with the orders 27, Hemiptera, and 

 28, Homoptera. 



