444 NORTH AMERICAN INDEX FOSSILS. 



sant, Locusta silens Scudder, Lithymnetes guttatus Scudder, etc., 

 while locust legs have also been found in the Green River beds of 

 Wyoming. Crickets {Grillidce) are known from the Green River 

 beds of Wyoming (Pronemobius tertiarius Scudder, etc.), where 

 grasshoppers (Acridii) are also found (Tyrbula multispinosa 

 Scudder). These latter are also found at Florissant (T. russelli 

 Scudder, Nanthacia torpida Scudder and others). 



Order PHASMOIDEA Handl. 

 ( Walking-stic ks, etc . ) 

 Mostly with long slender bodies, often wingless; when present, 

 front wings are generally smaller, rarely larger, than the hind 

 wings, which are large; C reduced, separated from anterior mar- 

 gin; Sc moderate; R and Rs irregularly branched; M moderately 

 branching ; C and Cu not strongly developed ; anal area not defined ; 

 cross-veins forming irregular network. 2,500 recent and 4 Ter- 

 tiary species, one of these (Agathemera reclusa Scudder) in the 

 Oligocenic of Florissant, Col. 



Order DERMAPTERA (Deg.) Kirby. 

 {Ear-zvigs, etc.) 

 Flat-bodied running insects with poorly developed wings. Front 

 wings hard, without marked neuration, hind wings doubly folded, 

 largely composed of the fan-like anal area. 



Ear-wigs {Forficitlidce) are fairly well represented in the Oli- 

 gocenic of Florissant, Colorado (Labiduromma exsulatum Scud- 

 der and ten other species). 



Order THYSANOPTERA Halid. 



Small sucking insects, with slender furrowed wings, ill adapted 

 for flight, often rudimentary or wanting; legs for running. Rep- 

 resentatives ( Palaeothrips fossilis Scudder, and two other species) 

 are found in the White River beds of Colorado. 



Order BLATTOIDEA Handl. 

 {Cockroaches.) 

 (For the characterization of the order see ante, p. 433.) 



