CHAP. XV THE SANDWICH ISLANDS 317a 



species of Achatinellidae, represented by 700 or 800 

 varieties. Of the other islands Maui has most peculiar 

 species ; and of the total of 468 endemic species, 395 are 

 known from one island only. But even this large number 

 does not fully represent the restricted range of the species, 

 since about twenty more are only recorded as from the 

 " Sandwich Islands," and as none of these have been found 

 by recent collectors they are probably very rare and each 

 confined to one island, or are possibly now extinct. It 

 follows that nearly nine-tenths of the endemic species are 

 limited in their range each to one island only. 



Mr. E. R. Sykes, who has furnished the most recent 

 systematic account of these molluscs in the Fauna 

 Hawaiiensis (Vol. II., 1900), gives his general conclusions 

 as follows : — 



(1) The Molluscan fauna is nearly related to that of the 

 Polynesian Islands, and shows hardly any trace of con- 

 tinental influence, Asiatic or American. 



(2) The species are nearly always confined to one 

 island ; but it is very doubtful if, as has been stated, '' each 

 valley has its peculiar species." 



(3) In the genera confined to the islands, the majority 

 of the living species usually occur in Oahu. 



Equally interesting with the restricted range of the 

 species is that of some of the sub-genera and even of 

 the genera. The sub-genus Achatinella with 17 species 

 and many named varieties is entirely confined to Oahu, 

 as is the sub-genus Bulimella with 20 species. The genus 

 Carelia, also belonging to the Achatinellidse, is confined 

 to Kaui, except one species in its neighbouring 

 small island Nuhau, which may be looked upon as its 

 satellite, the two being quite isolated from the remaining 

 islands. The following table (p. 318) of the families, genera, 

 and species of these molluscs will serve to illustrate the 

 preceding observations. 



Insects. — Owing to the researches of the Rev. T. 

 Blackburn and Mr. R. C. L. Perkins, we have now a fair 

 knowledge of the Entomology of these islands. Unfortun- 

 ately several of the orders have not yet been completely 



