376 ISLAND LIFE 



the adjacent islands, and the series of geographical changes 

 that seem required to explain them. 



Zoological Features of Borneo. 



Mammalia. — The number of species of land-mammalia 

 which have now been discovered in Borneo is 175, while 

 those which have hitherto not been found elsewhere 

 amount to 65, but of these ten are considered to be only 

 varieties of species found in other countries. Omitting 

 these the peculiar species are exactly one-third of the 

 whole, a very large proportion for an island so closely 

 surrounded by other lands, and in which so many of the 

 large mammals are common to other countries. Such are 

 the great ape {Simia satyrus), the Malay bear, the elephant, 

 rhinoceros, buffalo and a large deer. But of the peculiar 

 species ten are bats, ten are small insectivora, thirteen are 

 squirrels, and nine are rats or mice, all groups which are 

 likely to be less known in Sumatra and the Malayan and 

 Siamese peninsulas, where resident Europeans have been 

 less numerous. As there are only about 160 land 

 mammals in Europe with its much larger area, greater 

 variety of climate and more extensive mountain ranges, the 

 fauna of Borneo is seen to be very rich. 



The following list of the peculiar species and varieties 

 has been drawn up by Mr. R. Shelford, the curator of the 

 Sarawak Museum, to whom I am also indebted for the list 

 of the birds peculiar to Borneo at p. 278. 



Mammalia peculiar to Borneo. 





QuADRUMANA (monkeys). 



11. 



Ehiiiolophus creaghi. 



1. 



Semnopithecus frontatus. 



12. 



Hipposiderus dorise. 



2. 



,, rubicundus. 



13. 



,, sabanus. 



3. 



,, sabanus. 



14. 



,, coxi. 



4. 



,, hosei. 



15. 



Hesperoptenus dorise. 



5. 



,, everetti. 



16. 



Kerivoula pusilla. 



6. 



,, maurus var. 



17. 



Tapliozous longimanus 





cristatus. 





alhipennis. 



7. 



Nasalis larvatus. 





Insectivora. 





Chiroptera (bats). 



18. 



Dendrogale iniirina. 



8. 



Cynopterus lucasi. 



19. 



Tupaia mulleri. 



9. 



,, maciilatus. 



20. 



,, picta. 



0. 



,, spadiceus. 



21. 



, , montana. 



var. 



