CHAP. XVIII JAPAN AND FORMOSA 404 



species. The clouded tiger is a Malay species unknown 

 in China, while the Asiatic wild cat is a native of the 

 Himalayas and Malacca. It is clear, therefore, that before 

 Formosa was separated from the mainland the above 

 named animals or their ancestral types must have ranged 

 over the intervening country as far as the Himalayas on 

 the west, Japan on the north, and Borneo or the Philip- 

 pines on the south ; and that after that event occurred, 

 the conditions were so materially changed as to lead to 

 the extinction of these species in what are now the coast 

 provinces of China, while they or their modified descend- 

 ants continued to exist in the dense forests of the 

 Himalayas and the Malay Islands, and in such detached 

 islands as Formosa and Japan. We will now see what 

 additional light is thrown upon this subject by an 

 examination of the birds. 



List of the Land Birds peculiar to Formosa. 



TETRAONiDiE (Grouse and Partridges). 



1. Arboricola crudigularis. A Himalayan and Malayan genus of part- 



ridges. 



2. Bamhusicola sonorivox. Allied to the Chinese B. thoracica. 



Phasianid^ (Pheasants). 



3. PhasianiLs formosanus. Allied to P. torquaius of China. 



4. Eu2Jlocamus swinhoii. A very peculiar and beautiful species allied to 



the tropical fire-backed pheasants, and to the silver pheasant of 

 North China. 



CoLUMBiD^ (Pigeons). 



5. S2'>henocercus formosoe. Allied to Malayan species. 



6. Sphenocercus sororius. Allied to Malay species and to S. sieholdi of 



Japan. No allies of these two birds inhabit China. 



STRiGiDiE (Owls). 



7. Glaucidium pardalota. Closely allied to a Chinese species. 



8. Scops Tiamhroekii. Allied to a Chinese species. 



CAPITONIDiE. 



9. Cyanops nuchalis. Allied to C. oortii of Sumatra and C, faher of 



Hainan. 



PiciDiE ("Woodpeckers). 



10. Dendrocopus insularis. Allied to D. leuconotu^ of Japan and Siberia. 



11. Yungipicus matter si. 



