654 



mDEX 



Excentricity and precession, diagram of, 

 129 



Excentricity, variations of, during three 

 million years, 171 



Excentricity a test of rival theories of 

 climate, 171 



Excentricity, high, its effects on warm 

 and cold climates, 198 



Extinct animals showing changes of dis- 

 tribution, 102 



Extinct birds of the Mascarene Islands, 

 436 

 of New Zealand, 476 



Extinction caused by glacial epoch, 122 



Families, restricted areas of, 29 



distribution and antiquity of, 68 

 Fauna and flora, peculiarities of British, 



370 

 Fauna of Borneo, affinities of, 380 

 of Java, 381 



of Java and Asia compared, 383 

 Faunas of Hainan, Formosa, and Japan 



compared, 407 

 Felis, 17, 26 

 Ferns, abundance of, in Mascarene flora, 



445 

 Ficus, fossil Arctic, 186 

 Fire-weed, the, of Tasmania, 513 

 ,J]isher, Rev. O., on temperature of space, 



131 

 Fishes, dispersal of, 76 

 peculiar British, 340 

 cause of great speciality in, 343 

 mode of migration of fresh-water, 344 

 fresh-water, of New Zealand, 484 

 Floating islands, and the dispersal of 



animals, 74 

 Flora of the Azores, 256 

 of Bermuda, 271 

 of the Galapagos, 288 

 of St. Helena, 305 



of the Sandwich Islands, 321 ; pecu- 

 liar features of, 323 

 peculiarities of the British, 360 

 of Madagascar and the Mascarene 



Islands, 439 

 of Madagascar and South Africa 



allied, 445 

 of New Zealand, 487 

 very poor, 488 



its resemblance to the Australian, 489 

 its differences from the Australian, 



490 

 origin of Australian element in, 498 

 tropical character of, explained, 500 

 summary and conclusion on, 506 

 Floras of New Zealand and Australia, 



summary of conclusion as to, 542 

 Florida and Canada, resemblances of, 5 



and Bahamas, contrasts of, 5 

 Flowers, beautiful, in Madagascar, 440 

 Fogs cut off the sun's heat in glaciated 



countries, 145 

 JForbes, Mr. D., analysis of chalk, 91 



Forbes, Mr. H. O., on plants of the 

 Keeling Islands, 287 



Forests, submerged, 335 



Formosa, 400 



physical features of, 401 



animal life of, 401 



list of mammalia of, 402 



list of land-birds peculiar to, 404 



.Fowler, Rev. Canon, on peculiar British 

 coleoptera, 346, 349 



Freezing water liberates low-grade heat, 

 145 



Fresh- water deposits, extent of, 97 



organisms absent in St. Helena, 304 

 snail peculiar to Ireland, 356 

 fishes of the Seychelles, 432 



Frogs of the Seychelles, 432 

 of New Zealand, 483 



Fuegia, European plants in, 521 



Fulica alai, 313 



G. 



Galapagos Islands, 275 

 Galapagos, absence of mammalia and 

 amphibia from, 278 



reptiles of, 278 



birds of, 280 



insects of, 284 



land-shells of, 284 



flora of, 288 



and Azores contrasted, 290 

 Galbula cyaneicollis, distribution of, 18 



rufoviridis, 18 



vindis, 18 

 Galeopithecus, 63 

 GaUinula sandvichensis, 313 

 jQardner, Mr. J. S., on Tertiary changes 



of climate, 203 

 Garrulus, distribution of species of, 20 

 Garrulus glandarius, 21, 23, 65 

 G. cervicaliSy 21 

 G. krynicki, 21 

 G. atricapillus, 21 

 G. hyrcanus, 21 

 G. brandti, 21, 23 

 G. lanceolatus, 22 

 G. bispecularis, 22 

 G. sinensis, 22 

 G. tairanus, 22 

 G. japonicus, 22, 65 



.Geikie, Dr. James, on interglacial de- 

 posits, 121 



Sir Archibald on stratified rocks 

 being found near shores, 87 



on formation of chalk in shallow 

 water, 96 



on permanence of continents, 104 



on variation in rate of denudation, 

 173 



on the rate of denudation, 215 



on the small amount of marine de- 

 nudation, 225 



on age of buried river channels, 337 

 Genera, extent of, 17 



origin of, 61 



rise and decay of, 64 



