558 



INDEX 



Map of the Indian Ocean, 425 

 of Celebes, 452 

 of sea bottom around New Zealand, 



472 

 of Australia in Cretaceous period, 

 497 

 Marcou, Professor Jules, on the Pliocene 



and glacial epochs, 233 

 Marmot, range of, 15 

 Mars as illustrating glacial theories, 164, 

 168 

 no true ice cap on, 166 

 Marsupials, range of, 30 

 Marsh, Prof. O. C., on the Atlantosaurus, 

 ' ■ 98 



on Hesperornis, 481 

 Marsh, Mr., on camels as desert-makers, 



296 

 Mascarene Islands, 428-445 

 Mascarene plants, curious relations of, 

 442 

 endemic genera of, 443 

 Mascarene flora, fragmentary character 

 of, 444 

 abundance of ferns in, 445 

 Mauritius, Bourbon, and Rodriguez, 434 

 Measurements of geological time, 233 

 agreement of various estimates of, 



235 

 concluding remarks on, 236 

 Medicago sativa in New Zealand, 515 

 Megalsemidse, 27 

 Meleagris, 50 

 Melilotus vulgaris, on railway banks, 



513 

 Meliphagidse, 47 

 ^Mellis, Mr., on the early history of St. 



Helena, 295 

 Melospiza melodia, variation of, 58 

 Merycotherium, 123 

 Meteorological causes as intensifying 



glaciation, 142 

 Meyer, Dr. A. B., list of mammals of 

 Celebes, 455a 

 on birds of Celebes, 457, 4596 

 Migration caused by glacial epoch, 122 

 of birds to Bermuda, 267 

 of plants from north to south, 512 

 of plants and alterations of snow 



line, 516 

 of plants due to changes of climate, 



517 " 



of plants from north to south, long 



continued, 518 

 of plants aided by geological changes, 



519 

 of plants by way of the Andes, 



520 

 of plants by way of Himalayas and 



South Asia, 523 

 of plants through Africa, 524 

 Mild Arctic climates, stratigraphical evi- 

 dence of, 187 

 causes of, 190 

 dependent on geographical changes, 



191 

 effects of high excentricity on, 198 

 summary of causes of, 537 



Miocene Arctic flora, 183 

 flora of Europe, 123 

 or Eocene floras, 185 

 deposits of Java, 385 

 fauna of Europe and North India, 

 419 

 Mississippi, matter carried away by, 172 

 Mitten, Mr. William, on peculiar British 

 mosses and hepaticse, 365, 368 

 on temporary appearance of plants, 

 513 

 Mniotiltidae, a nearctic group, 49 

 Milium, peculiar species of, in the Dront- 



heim mountains, 368 

 Moas of New Zealand, 476 

 MoUusca, dispersal of, 78 

 Monotremata, restricted range of, 30 

 Moraines, 108 



of Ivrea, 116 

 More, Mr. A. G. , on peculiar Irish plants, 



364 

 Morgan, Mr. C. Lloyd, on thickness of 

 formations not affected by denu- 

 dation, 220 

 Moseley, Mr. H. N., on seeds carried by 

 birds, 259 

 on the flora of Bermuda, 272 

 Mosses, peculiar British, 366 



non-European genera of, in Britain, 



367 

 how diffused and why restricted, 

 368 

 Mt. St. Elias, why not ice-clad, 154 

 Mountain chains aiding the dispersal of 

 plants, 81 

 as aids to migration of plants, 513 

 Mueller, Baron von, census of Australian 



plants, 492 

 Murray, Sir J., on oceanic deposits, 86 

 on chalk-like globigerina-ooze, 92 

 on mean height of continents, 216 

 on land-area of the globe, 221 

 Mus, 17, 26 



Mygale pyrenaica, range of, 15, 24 

 M. muscovitica, 24 

 Myricafaya, 260 



Myrsine, fossil in Greenland, 186 

 Mytilus edulis, sub-fossil in Spitzbergen, 

 182 



N. 



Nares, Capt. Sir G., on snow and ice in 

 high latitudes, 135 

 on abrupt elevation of Bermuda, 264 

 Nearctic Region, definition of, 48 

 mammalia of, 48 

 birds of, 49 

 reptiles of, 50 

 Nectarinea osea, restricted range of, 16 

 Neilgherries, Australian plants, natura- 

 lized in, 528 

 Neotropical Region, definition of, 51 



low types of, 52 

 Nevill, Mr. Geoffrey, on land-shells of 

 the Seychelles, 434 

 on destruction of Seychelles flora, 

 445 



