INDEX 



661 



Scrophularinese, why few species are 

 common to Australia and New 

 Zealand, 505 

 Sea, depth of, around Madagascar, 414 



depth of, around Celebes, 452 

 Sea-bottom around New Zealand and 



Australia, 473 

 Sea-level, changes of, dependent on gla- 

 ciation, ICl 

 complex effects of glaciation on, 1G2, 



164 

 rise of, a cause of denudation, 174 

 Seas, inland, in Tertiary period, 191 

 Section of sea-bottom near Bermuda, 264 

 Sedges and grasses common to Australia 



and New Zealand, 504 

 Sedimentary rocks, how to estimate 

 thickness of, 217 

 thinning out of, 217 

 how formed, 218 

 thickness of, 217, 221 

 summary of conclusions on the rate 

 of formation of the, 221 

 ,Seebohm, Mr. , on Parus palustris, 65 

 ' on Emheriza schcenidus, 66 

 on snow in Siberia, 166 

 on birds of Japan, 396 

 Seeds, dispersal of, 257 



carried by birds, 258 

 Senecio australis, on burnt ground, 



513 

 Sericinus, Palaearctic, 42 

 Seychelles Archipelago, 429 

 birds of, 430 



reptiles and amphibia of, 430 

 fresh-water fishes of, 432 

 land-shells of, 434 

 Sharp, Dr. D., on beetles of the Sand- 

 wich Islands, 319 

 on peculiar British beetles, 345 

 Shelf ord, Mr. R., on peculiar mammals 



and birds of Borneo, 376 

 Shells, peculiar to Britain, 357 

 Shetland Isles, peculiar beetle of, 352 



plants new to Britain in, 370 

 Shore deposits, 85, 211 



proving the permanence of conti- 

 nents, 97 

 distance from coast of, 221 

 Sialia sialis, variation of, 58 

 Siberia, amount of snow and its sudden 



disappearance in, 166 

 Silurian boulder-beds, 201 



warm Arctic climate, 202 

 Simiidae, 27 



Sisyrinchium hermudianum, 272 

 Skertchley, Mr., on four distinct boulder- 

 clays, 118 

 on Tertiary deposits in Egypt and 



Nubia, 191 

 on climatic stability of present epoch, 

 233 

 Slug peculiar to Ireland, 357 

 Snake peculiar to Round Island, 438 

 Snakes of the Galapagos, 280 



of the Seychelles, 431 

 Snow and ice, properties of, in relation 

 to climate, 131 



Snow, effects of, on climate, 188 



quantity of heat required to melt, 



134 

 often of small amount in high lati- 

 tudes, 135 

 never perpetual on lowlands, 136 

 conditions determining perpetual, 



137 

 maintains cold by reflecting the solar 

 heat, 144 

 Snow-line, alterations of, causing migra- 

 tion of plants, 516 

 Sollas, Mr. J. W., on greater intensity of 



telluric action in past time, 223 

 South Africa, recent glaciation of, 103 

 many northern genera of plants in, 



524 

 its supposed connection with Aus- 

 tralia, 525 

 South American plants in New Zealand, 



521 

 South Temperate America, poor in 

 species, 53 

 climate of, 146 

 Southern flora, comparative tenderness 



of, 528 

 Southern plants, why absent in the 



Northern Hemisphere, 527 

 Space, temperature of, 129 

 Specialisation antagonistic to diffusion of 



species, 505 

 Species, origin of new, 56 

 extinction of, 63 

 rise and decay of, 64 

 epoch of exceptional stability of, 232 

 dying out and replacement of, 409 

 preservation of, in islands, 410 

 Specific areas, 14 ; discontinuous, 64 

 Spiranthes romanzoviana, 365 

 Spitzbergen, Miocene flora of, 184 



absence of boulder-beds in, 187 

 Sj^uce, Dr. Richard, on the dispersion 



of hopaticse, 369 

 Stability of extreme glacial conditions, 



159 

 Stainton, Mr. H. T., on peculiar British 



moths, 346 

 Stanivoi mountains, why not ice-clad, 



154 

 Starlings, genera of, in New Zealand, 



482 

 Stellaria media, temporary appearance 



of, 515 

 Sternum, process of abortion of keel of, 



437 

 Stow, Mr. G. W., on glacial phenomena 



in South Africa, 163 

 Stratified rocks formed near shores, 85, 

 87 

 deposits, how formed, 218 

 Striated rocks, 107 



blocks in the Permian formation, 

 200 

 Strix Jlammea, range of, 15 

 Struthiones, 30 

 Struthious birds of New Zealand as indi- 



eating past changes, 478 

 Stylidium wide range of, 185 



