114 A. Cunningham — The Archceological Survey of l^T^-'74<. [Mat, 



monkeys, who have fastened a billet of wood along the inside of his trmik 

 so as to prevent him from moving it. Ropes are fastened to his neck 

 and body, the ends of which are pulled by monkeys, who are walking 

 and dancing in triumphal procession to the sound of shells and cymbals 

 played by other monkeys. The spirit of these scenes is very droll. A 

 third scene represents the monkeys holding a giant by the nose with a 

 pair of pincers, to which is fastened a rope dragged by an elephant. The 

 action and attitudes of the monkeys are very good. The intention of all 

 these designs is exceedingly spirited, but the execution is coarse and weak. 



In the short inscriptions on the railing of the Bharahut stupa I 

 find the names of the following places, Sugana, or Srughna ; Vedisa, or 

 Bhilsa ; Pdtcdipictra, or Patna ; Kosdmhi, or Kosam ; Nandinagariha, 

 or Nander ; and Ndsika, or Nasik ; besides a number of unknown places, 

 of which Asitamasd is most probably some town on the river Tamasd 

 or Tamas, the Tons of our maps. 



From these inscriptions also I have learned the names of several parts 

 of the Buddhist gateways and railings, one of which is a new word, or 

 at least a new form of word, not to be found in the dictionaries. 



On the top of Ldl Palidr, or the " E-ed Hill," which overhangs Bhara- 

 hut, I obtained a rock inscription of one of the great Kalacliuri Rajas, 

 Nara Sinha Deva, dated in Samvat (Sake) 909. Altogether Mr. Beglar 

 and I have collected about twenty inscriptions of the Kalacliuris, who took 

 the titles of Chedindra and Ghedinarendra, or " Lord of Chedi," and 

 called the era which they used the Gliedi Smnvat and the Kalachuri 

 Samvat. 



I have also got an inscription of the great Chalukya Raja Tribhuvana 

 Malla, who began to reign in A. D. 1076 and reigned 51 years. The in- 

 scription is dated in Sake 1008, or A. D. 1086, and the place of its 

 discovery, Sitabaldi, confirms the account of his having conducted an 

 expedition across the Narbada. 



After leaving Bharahut I visited Kosam on the Jumna, which I have 

 formerly identified with the ancient Kosambi. I explored the place 

 very minutely, and my three days' search was rewarded by the discovery 

 of several very curious terra-cotta figures, which are certainly as old as 

 the period of Buddhist supremacy, as the common Buddhist symbol forms 

 an ornament, both for males and females, as in the Bharahut sculptures 

 which I have just before described. Unfortunately there are no inscriptions 

 upon them. Some of them were undoubtedly toys. Such are two rams' 

 heads with a hole from side to side for an axle and a hole at right angles 

 behind for the insertion of a pole, so that they might be rolled forward 

 on wheels to butt against each other. Such also are four carts or chariots 

 with similar perforations, and with harnessed oxen represented on the 



