1874.] Eajendralala Mitra and Hon'ble E. C. Bayley — On tJie Tavanas, 229 



in the As'oka edicts, and shews that of all Greek kings, Alexander the G-reai 

 not excluded, only one, viz. Antiochos Theos, whose dominions reached to the 

 Indus, is called a Yavana, or Yona. Further, he proves that the Hindus did 

 not borrow a single astronomical term direct from the Greeks, and that the 

 opinion advanced by Weber and Kern on the existence of Sanskrit trans- 

 lations of astronomical works written by four Greek writers is untenable, 

 whilst the list of words common to Sanskrit and Greek, given by Weber, 

 proved the existence of no influence of Greek on Sanskrit. 



The only conclusions which would be consistent and tenable are — 



1st. That originally the term Yavana was the name of a country and 

 of its people to the west of Kandahar — which may have been Arabia, or 

 Persia, or Medea, or Assyria, — probably the last. 



2nd. That subsequently it became the name of all those places. 



3rd. That at a later date it indicated all the casteless races to the west 

 of the Indus, including the Arabs and the Asiatic Greeks and the Egyptians. 



4th. That the Indo-Greek kings of Afghanistan were also probably in- 

 dicated by the same name. 



5th. That there is not a tittle of evidence to show that it was at any 

 one time the exclusive name of the Greeks. 



6th. That it is impossible now to infer from the use of the term Yavana 

 the exact nationality indicated in Sanskrit works. 



The essay will appear in No. Ill, of Part I of the Journal for 1874. 



The Hon'ble E. C. Bayley made some remarks on the subject. With- 

 out for the present questioning Babu Eajendralala Mitra's general con- 

 clusions, and while fully admitting that the word ' Yavana' was often 

 used in a vague sense and might be rendered as * foreigners,' or at any 

 rate * western foreigners,' he yet demurred to the conclusions drawn from 

 As'oka's inscriptions. It seemed to him that the natural inference from 

 the facts was directly opposite to that which in the opinion of the writer 

 flowed from them, and that in this instance at least, if in no other, the 

 term * Yavana' or rather * Yona,' could hardly be rendered otherwise than 

 a ' Greek or a ' Grecian.' 



4. On Emlolocephalus ceratophthalmus — the type of a new genus and 

 species of Isopod Crustaceans. — By Jas. Wood-Mason. 



This paper will be published in the Journal, Part II, No. 4, 1874. 



5. Some Ornithological Notes and Corrections, — By W. E. Bkooks, 

 C.E. 



This paper will be published in the Journal Part II, No. 4, 1874. 



