42 J. J. STEVENSON — PENNSYLVANIA ANTHRACITE. 



Savage mountain synclinal, holding the Cumberland coal field of Mary- 

 land and Virginia. These two fields are in such relation geographically 

 to the Alleghany mountain on the one side and to the North or Kitta- 

 tinny mountain on the other, that either one of them may be taken as 

 practically representative of the Northern anthracite field. 



BITUMINOUS BASINS. 



Beyond the Alleghany mountain one comes to the bituminous coal 

 basins, which are sharply defined in the southern portion of Pennsyl- 

 vania, but become less and less defined northward, and soon disappear 

 southward. 



The first basin beyond the Alleghany mountain has the bold axis of 

 Laurel hill as its western boundary in West Virginia and southern Penn- 

 sylvania, embracing Somerset and Cambria counties in the best defined 

 portion. Northw^ard the trough, ascending, becomes shallower, but it 

 can be traced without difficulty to the New York line, holding small 

 patches of coal in Lycoming, Sullivan and Wyoming, the latter two 

 being in what is termed the Lo3^alsock coal-field. It forms part of the 

 Mahoopeny mountain in the Loyalsock area, and is part of the Alleghany 

 mountain in Lycoming, Centre and Clinton counties. 



The second basin is well known in southern Pennsylvania as the Ligo- 

 nier valley, bounded for more than 100 miles in Pennsylvania by the anti- 

 clinals forming Laurel and Chestnut hills or mountains. At the south 

 it becomes well defined first at not far beyond the Baltimore and Ohio 

 railroad in West Virginia, and embraces parts of Harrison, Taylor and 

 Preston counties. It enters Pennsylvania in eastern Fayette, and con- 

 tinues through Fayette, Westmoreland, Indiana, Clearfield, Lycoming 

 and Bradford counties, its last areas of coal being the Ralston in Lycom- 

 ing and the Barclay in Bradford. Its coal-field ceases to be continuous 

 beyond the Susquehanna river, wdiich crosses it at Karthaus. 



The third basin is a broad area, consisting, along the Pennsylvania 

 railroad, of three sub-basins, which are well defined in Westmoreland 

 count}^ ; but the basin practically becomes one at a short distance south 

 from the Pennsjdvania line in West Virginia. It embraces, in Pennsyl- 

 vania, the Coke basin of Connellsville, the Greensburg basin of West- 

 moreland county and the Lisbon basin of Greene, Fayette, W^estm ore- 

 land and Indiana. Northward, however, these sub-basins disappear, the 

 troughs become very shallow, and at length only isolated tracts of coal 

 remain, as at Blossburg, in Tioga county, on the narrow synclinal ridge 

 crossing into Bradford county. 



The fourth basin is bounded by a bold anticlinal crossing the Ohio 

 river just below Pittsburg. It embraces, north from that river, parts of 



