BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 

 Vol. 5, pp. 71-86 January 5, 1894 



EVIDENCES OF THE DERIVATION OF THE KAMES, ESKERS, 

 AND MORAINES OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ICE- 

 SHEET CHIEFLY FROM ITS ENGLACIAL DRIFT 



BY WARREN UPHAM 



(^Read before the Society August 16, 1893) 

 CONTENTS 



Page 



Introduction 71 



Kames forming the terminal Moraine of Long Island eastward from Roslyn . . 73 



The Pinnacle Hills Esker, Rochester, New York 75 



Devil's Heart Hill, North Dakota 7G 



Bird's Hill, an Esker near Winnipeg, Manitoba 77 



Retreatal Moraines adjoining Lake Agassiz 78 



The foregoing Examples regarded as Types of the general Manner of Trans- 

 portation and Deposition of the Materials of Kames, Eskers, and Moraines. . 79 

 Relations of the englacial Drift to subglacial Till 81 



Discussion 



85 



Introduction. 



Two widely diverse opinions are held among glacialists in seeking to 

 explain how the ice-sheet transported its drift and left it amassed in its 

 various deposits. One supposes that the drift was carried forward chiefly 

 beneath the ice, being pushed or dragged along in contact with the land ; 

 the other, that it was in large part, or perhaps nearly all, englacial dur- 

 ing its transi)ortation, being enclosed in the lower part of the slowly 

 moving ice-sheet. According to the latter view, which my observations 

 lead me to accept, the drift after its journey in the ice was thence de- 

 posited not only in the knolls, ridges and hills called kames, eskers, 

 moraines, and drumlins, but also in low and smooth or only moderately 

 undulating tracts of till. The opinion first noted regards the ice-sheet 



X-BuM.. Geoi-. Soc. Am., Vol. 5, 1893. C^l) 



