COPPER ISLAND. 127 



occurrence of beach conditions during a stage of the period of volcanic 

 activity to which the rocks of the island generally are due. The dip at 

 this place is southeastward at an average angle of 15°. 



In the valley behind Glinka village pretty definite evidences of terrac- 

 ing were observed at several different levels. The horizontal lines are, 

 however, but faintly impressed. The highest of these was estimated to 

 be 600 or 700 feet above the present sealevel. 



At Preobajenski, near the northwestern end of the island, the rocks 

 seen were chiefly greenish and purplish porph^^ritic materials, of which 

 no specimens were brought back. The rocks which form a high cliff to 

 the north of the village at this place were not examined. They are well 

 stratified and dij^ in a southwestward direction at an angle of about 40°. 

 There is, however, nothing in their appearance to indicate that they differ 

 in origin from the volcanic materials elsewhere characteristic of the 

 island. The native copper from which this island takes its name is found 

 at its northwestern extremity, and specimens of it were given to me by 

 Mr Tillmann, the government officer in charge of the island. Most of 

 these are rounded nuggets and pellets, which had evidently been picked 

 up on the shore, but some of them still include fragments of volcanic 

 rock, gray or reddish, and very probably an agglomerate. A few unworn 

 pieces in the form of sheets or more or less dendritic and crystalline frag- 

 ments must have been freshly broken from the containing rock. 



The occurrence of copper at this place has long been known,* and as 

 early as 1755 the Russian government sent a mining engineer named 

 Jakovlev to report upon it.f It is believed that his report was unfavor- 

 able to the value of the deposits. 



Kamchatka. 



Favorable weather enabled a remarkably good general view to be ob- 

 tained of part of the Kamchatkan coast, in steaming along it from the 

 latitude of Bering island to Avacha bay. Its most striking feature is 

 the series of great volcanic mountains which occur in general parallel- 

 ism to the axis of the peninsula. Klotchewsky, according to the charts, 

 is over 16,000 feet in height, while Kronotzki, Japounski and Koranski 

 attain 10,608, 9,218 and 11,406 feet respectively. Several of these moun- 

 tains possess remarkably symmetrical conical forms, unchanged by de- 

 nudation and indicating continued growth and repair by volcanic forces 

 still near the period of their greatest intensity. Shishaldin and one or 

 two other mountains seen in the Aleutian islands show an approach to 



* Account of the Russian Discoveries between Asia and America, Coxe, pp. 123, 206. 

 t Voyage of the Vega, vol. ii, p. 275. 



