STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF SPECIAL LOCALITIES. 185 



found ill a crescentic line of outcrop, and like Price mountain they are 

 everywhere in contact with the Shenandoah limestone, or rather the soil 

 derived from that limestone, for in no place was the actual contact ob- 

 served. Everywhere along this line from Pulaski to the Walker moun- 

 tain fault the contact is marked by a belt of level land in which no 

 exposures are to be found and the surface is composed entirely of a 

 light gray limestone soil somewhat covered by overwash from the red 

 shale. At Pulaski the formation comes to an abrupt end, w^hether from 

 non-deposition or from erosion it is impossible to determine. North of 

 Pulaski the structure is very simple, being a broad anticlinal point, w^ith 

 light dips in every direction away from the axis. 



Overlap south of Pulaski. — From Pulaski to Draper mountain the 

 strata are quite sharply upturned and strike directh^ against the lime- 

 stone along the line of contact ; this has the appearance of a line of 

 overlap along which thei'e has been considerable movement since the 

 deposition of the Carboniferous sediments. How far the strata south of 

 Pulaski have been thrust upon the limestone by this fault it is impos- 

 sible to determine. This disturbance has folded and broken the beds, so 

 that erosion has been quite active, and doubtless much of the overl3dng 

 strata has been removed, so that originally the Pulaski shale may have 

 extended several miles further east than it shows today. 



The line of unconfomiity from Draper mountain to Tirushy mountain 

 has been regarded as a line of faulting by all who have described it, but 

 apparently upon the grounds of an unconformit}^ rather than from any 

 observed evidence of faulting either in the actual line of contact or its 

 relation to other structural features of the region. South of Pulaski 

 there is evidence of some faulting along the line of conta^-t, but north 

 of the town the writer could see no evidence of such a thrust as would 

 be necessary to produce the phenomena presented. These phenomena 

 are identical with those observed on Price mountain and point to a 

 common cause, which the writer believes is the unconformable deposition 

 of the Carboniferous strata upon the contorted Shenandoah limestone. 



Syncline west of Pulaski. — West of Pulaski the strata dip regularly 

 southward from the Peak creek hills with an average dip of 30° into a 

 broad, flat syncline whose axis is approximately along the line of the 

 railroad. 



Faulted Anticline south of Max Meadows. — South of this axis the 

 strata again rise to the faulted anticline on the northern slope of Draper 

 mountain, where the lowest stratum exposed is the Walker black shale, 

 occurring at the eastern end of the mountain and lying in direct contact 

 with the Clinch sandstone. This anticline terminates westward in the 



