HELDERBERG IN XEW JERSEY. 381 



underlying rock was the light gra}^, arenaceous limestone of supposed 

 Cambrian age which here constitutes a small outlier resting on the crystal- 

 line rocks. 



Adjacent to the southern part of the Oriskany quartzite area, near the 

 southern end of Greenwood lake, there is a small showing of limonite, 

 into which a pit was sunk some 3^ears ago. This pit has caved in and 

 was nearly obliterated at the time of my visit, but on some of the mate- 

 rial which had been thrown out in its excavation I found a few small 

 fragments of fossils. One of the remains was clearly Orthis ohlata and 

 a portion of Strophomena rhoinhoidalis, or possibly Strophoclonta beckvi. 

 was also recognized. The bed from which the}^ came directly under- 

 lies the Oriskany quartzite, and is, as usual, underlain by red shales. 

 so that there is here the normal sequence. To the south there are 

 low grounds and drift, and to the north the strike carries the formation 

 out under the lake. 



The Helderberg formation in the Newfoundland region and to the 

 southward appears to extend continuously for a long distance. The 

 principal exposures are in the a\aiclinal valley between the northern end 

 of Green pond and Copperas mountains and along the western slope of 

 Green Pond mountain. The exposures in the synclinal begin a mile and 

 a quarter south of Newfoundland depot and extend for some distance 

 southward up the valley and the slopes southeast. The rock is a dark 

 gray, impure limestone, with a tendency to slaty cleavage, and very like 

 the Shaly limestone series in Ulster and Greene counties. Abundant 

 Chcetetes lycoperdon of the ramose variety, various Inyozoons, Atvjjpa 

 reticularis and a Bhynchonella resembling R. neglecta of the Niagara were 

 the l)est defined remains which I found in 1885, but Spirifer Vnnuxemi 

 and Meristella sp., were found by Britton, according to Merrill. 



There are a number of exposures of similar limestone along the western 

 slope of Green pond mountain, but the most extensive and best known 

 are in old quarries southeast of Milton, at Woodstock and Upper Long- 

 wood. The fossils I obtained here and those mentioned above were 

 kindly examined for me by Professor Whitfield. At Upper Longwood 

 the most abundant remains are Chxietes lycoperdon^ mainly of ramose 

 form, and with them there was found a well preserved Mitchellena. 

 There were an Orthis resembling 0. elegantula, Atrypa reticidaris, Stro- 

 ponella Headleyana, a strophomena resembling S. subplana of the Niagara, 

 StreptorhyncJms woolworihana, fragments of Spirifer probably S. perla- 

 mellosus and two rhynchonellse, one like R. neglecta of the Niagara and the 

 other apparently a young individual of R. nobilis. 



These limestones lie directly on the Longwood red shales and are 

 overlain by the Oriskany grit, all in conformable sequence. How far 



