382 DA ETON — GREEN POND, N. J., TO SKUNNP:MUNK MT., N. Y. 



the formation extends southward along the flank of the Green Pond 

 mountain is not known. It is probable that it extends around the end 

 of the Bowling Green mountain, but owing to drift cover there is but 

 little evidence on this point. South of Milton there are several small 

 showings of limestone near the red shales at the foot of Bowling Green 

 mountain, and although they may not all be in place they do not appear 

 to be drift bowlders. Fragments of Chsetetes were the only fossils found 

 in them, but I have no doubt as to their Helderberg age. 



Longwood red Shales. — These shales underlie the Helderberg limestone 

 at Cornwall Station and Pine hill, and throughout their extent in New 

 Jersey. They are also everywhere intimately associated with, and grade 

 into the Green Pond conglomerate. There are similar shales having the 

 same relations in Ulster county, New York, where they have been con- 

 sidered equivalent to the Clinton formation. As the most extensive ex- 

 posures are along the Longwood valley east of Milton, it is suggested 

 that they be designated the Longwood shales. 



In the vicinity of Cornwall Station they extend along the western slope 

 of the ridge and are exposed in the iron-ore pits and the cut of the New 

 York, Ontario and Western railroad. In this cut, which is their northern- 

 most exposure, the upper members are light-colored, thin-bedded quartz- 

 ites, which have a thickness of 12 feet, and closely resemble the quartzites 

 similarly lying between the water-lime and red shales in the Rosendale 

 cement region of Ulster county. The quartzites are underlain by red 

 beds, with green to buff layers, which break into shale on exposure. 



In Pine hill there is a great development of the shales, and they have 

 been quarried to some extent near Highland Mills station for road metal. 

 They are bright red in color, and have a thickness of about 70 feet. They 

 are overlain by ferruginous beds at the base of the Helderberg limestone, 

 and lie on red quartzites of Green Pond age. They extend for about 

 two miles in a north-and-south direction, and then terminate either by 

 faulting or thinning out. 



They are next seen near the south end of Greenwood lake in a small belt 

 extending for half a mile between Green Pond quartzite and the Oriskany 

 ridge. They are immediatel}^ overlain by the ferruginous limestone con- 

 taining Helderberg fossils described on page 381. 



The red shales appear at intervals along the western slope of Kanouse 

 mountain, but they are in greater part overlain by drift. In the region 

 south of Newfoundland they are exposed at a few localities, notably along 

 the road at two points about three-quarters of a mile south of the depot. 

 This locality is carefully described by Merrill, who has figured the slaty 

 cleavage which it exhibits. This cleavage is at an oblique angle to the 

 bedding, and is usuall)^ conspicuous in the areas in New Jersev. The 



