20 Mr. Hopkins on the Structure of the 



Tilburstow Hill, which distinctly proves the continuation of the line of elevation 

 up to that point*. 



Evidence of Transverse Fractures between Farnham and Godstone. — Leith Hill is the 

 highest hill in the whole district, being 993 feet above the level of the sea. The 

 Weald clay in its south escarpment rises to the height of 200 or 300 feet above the 

 valley at its foot. The dip appears to be generally regular from the summit to the 

 first escarpment of greensand already described. It presents to us some important 

 indications of transverse fracture. 



At the south-east corner of the hill, near the small hamlet of Cold Harbour, a 

 great local disturbance has evidently taken place, and is shown by the position 

 of the beds in the side of the hill south-west of the hamlet and in the quarries 

 near it. The direction of the fracture is also indicated by the deep-cut valley 

 running northward from the village. The whole of this picturesque spot, as we 

 descend from the summit of the hill by Kittlands, is strongly indicative of local 

 disturbance. I attribute these appearances to a transverse fracture running north 

 and south along the above-mentioned valley. The indentation in the face of the 

 escarpment on the south, exactly opposite the deep-cut valley on the north, indi- 

 cates the manner in which the denuding agents have been guided and aided in their 

 work by the fracture ; and we easily conceive how, if their operation had been con- 

 tinued for a comparatively short time longer, the eastern extremity of this hill 

 would have become an insulated mass, like the chalk hill on the east side of 

 Lewes. 



Immediately to the west of Leith Hill, we also observe a deep indentation in the 

 face of the hill (distinctly marked on the Ordnance Map) , which forms one of those 

 coombe-like valleys before noticed at Piecomb and Lewes, the origin of which I 

 refer to the existence of a cross fracture operating precisely as the longitudinal one 

 has undoubtedly operated at those places. There is likewise another indentation 

 of the same kind a little further to the west, as shown also by the map ; and an 

 exactly similar case also presents itself at Hascombe in the escarpment of the 

 greensand south of Godalming. In all these instances there is not merely an in- 

 dentation in the face of the hill, but a narrow valley has been formed, of greater or 

 less depth, through the top of the ridge, and is continued down the regular slope 

 of the hill on the opposite side. In each of these transverse valleys, and in 

 others of the same kind, there exists a perennial spring a little below the highest 

 point of the valley on the sloping side of the hill, and in general also a correspond- 



* Dr. Mantell recognizes a fault in this hill, and I have no doubt that such is the case, and that it 

 probably extends some distance westward. It is very possible that this long line of flexure may in several 

 places become a line of fault, but the distinction is immaterial as regards my own theoretical views in this 

 district. They are equally lines of elevation. 



