1882.] G, E. Fryer — The JPdli Grammarian KacTichdyana. 117 



vanappagumbe for vanappagumbo, ' the forest shrub,' 



sukhe dukkhe for sukham dukkham, ' health and sickness,' 



viratte kosiyayane f or viratta kosiyayani, 'the imjDassible kosiya- 

 brahminess.' 

 \cf. Clough's Gr., p. 15. Cowell, p. 180, aphorisms 10-13, chap. XI, Var.]. 



I think it may be affirmed that the Pali of Ceylon and Burma is the 

 language Buddha used in Magadha ; but, from having been arrested in its 

 downward course, and preserved from the prevailing corrupting influences 

 of vernacular use, it differs from the modern Magadhi, and from the dialect 

 employed in the pillar inscriptions which resembles the Magadhi of Dhauli. 



There are extant in Burma and Ceylon several grammatical treatises 

 upon the Pali language, which may be said to represent two different 

 schools. The one is represented by the grammar of Kachchayana ; the 

 other by the grammar of Moggallana. 



Moggallana, the representative of the more modern schools, flourished 

 in Ceylon during the reign of Prakrama Bahu I, ciVca 1153-1186 A. D. 

 He was also the author of a Pali dictionary, or rather vocabulary, entitled 

 the Abhidhana, after the model of the Sanskrit Amarakosa. On entering 

 the priesthood, he dropped his patronymic, and assumed the name of 

 Sangharakkhita Thera, ' The Protected of the Congregation,' under which 

 title he wrote four treatises, the first two of which are in verse : — viz., 



Subodhalankara, ' Easy rhetoric,' 



Vuttodaya, ' Exposition of Metre,' 



Sambandhachinta, ' Eeflections on relation (of cases),' 



Khuddasikkha tika, ' a gloss in prose on Dhammasiri's " Minor duties 

 (of a priest)." ' 



He dedicates the last of these to the learned priest Sariputta, and the 

 second to Sila Thera. They probably represent one and the same person. 

 The treatises on Rhetoric and Metre are merely adaptations from Sanskrit 

 works on the same subject, viz., Sahitya-Darpana aud Vrittaratnakara, and 

 his grammar exhibits similar indications of having been formed upon a 

 Sanskrit model. 



There are several points of difference, both in substance and arrange- 

 ment, between this grammar and Kachchayana's work ; for instance, Moggal- 

 lana affirms that there are ten and not eight vowels in the Pali alphabet, 

 thus increasing the number of the letters from forty-one to forty-three. 

 Again, the book on case relation (karaka) is excluded from the grammar, 

 and made the subject of a separate treatise. The grammar contains 1,043 

 aphorisms arranged under seven books as follows : — 



