120 G. E. Fryer — The Pali Orammarian Kachchdyona. [Aug., 



Kiipasiddhi, by Dipankara, otherwise called Buddhapiya, a clear and 

 well arranged digest of the grammar in seven books, the last two books 

 of the grammar being joined into one ; the Balavatara by Dliammahitti^ 

 a comjoendium also in seven books, of which the third (or karaka) book 

 is placed last, and divided into two chapters ; lastly, the Saddaniti, a 

 prolix and bulky volume containing twenfcy-tive books, divided into four parts 

 (mala), — linga m., dhatu m., vuddhi m., and sutta m. ; the aphorisms 

 are styled lajckhanas (rules). It is a comparatively modern work, having 

 been composed by Aggavamsa Thera at Pugan during the reign of king 

 Kyautswa, A. D. 1279—1298. 



It has long been susj^ected by Pali scholars that the Pali grammar 

 of Kachchayana is based upon the Katantra, a Sanskrit grammar of about 

 the tenth century A. D. I see no reason to doubt this ; for, it seems to 

 me, no one, who has examined the native treatises belonging to this school, 

 can help arriving at this conclusion 



The author of the liupasiddhi, in his comment on par asamannd pay oge 

 (Kachch. I. 9) says that Kachchayana adopts certain grammatical terms to 

 be found ' in Sanskrit, or in the works of other grammarians :' one of those 

 terms is lioiga, which, in its usual sense, means ' gender, sex' ; but, as the 

 same writer has it, in his comment on lingatthe pathamd (Kachch. Ill, 15) 

 idba, pntipadika paranamadheyyam, ' in this grammar (it is) another 

 term for (the Sanskrit) /»ra^z};«f///^(i,' i. e., the crude form or base of a 

 noun. Subjoined are given the rulings on this term in Paiiini, the 

 Katantra, and the Pali grammars : — 



arthavad adhatur apratyayah pratipadikain. Pan. 1. 2. 45. 



dhatuvibliaktivarjam arthaval lingam. Kat. Nam. 1. 



dhatujmchchayavibhattivajjitassa atthavato saddassa * parasamanna 

 payoge' ti paribhasato lingasafinayam. Hup. Nam. 2. 



dhatupachchayavibhattivajjitam afcthayuttam saddarupam lingam nama. 

 Balav. p. 8, 1. 20. [Senart, p. 34.*] 



dhatupachchayavibhattivajjitam atthavam lingam. Sad. Niti. ch. xx. 5. 



Hence, we see, as M. Kuhn justly remarks, that amongst the Katan- 

 tras, and in Kachchayana's grammar, the word linga has the same significa- 

 tion, a nominal base. But there are numerous other instances of agree- 

 ment between the aphorisms of Kachchayana and those of the Katantra ; 

 indeed, in the Karaka book nearly every aphorism has a greater or less 

 similarity with those in the same book in the Katantra. To take for 

 instance the first aphorism of the Karaka book of Kachchayana, and the 

 corresponding (eighth) aphorism of the same book in the Katantra : — 



* Separate edition. Paris, 1871. 



J^ 



