1882.] G. E. Fry er— The Pali Orammnrian Kaclclidyana, 121 



Kachchayana. 



1. yasmad apeti bbayam adafcfce va 

 tad apadanam. 



Comm. yasma va apeti yasma va 

 bbayam jayate yasma va adatte 

 tarn karakam apadanasannam boti. 



Katantra. 



8. yato 'paiti bbayam adatte va 

 tad apadanam. 



Comm. yasmad apaiti yasmad bba- 

 yam bbavati yasmad adatte va tat 

 karakam apadanasaipjnam bbavati. 



It is evident from tbis, as M. Senart says, (p. 125)* tbat tlie autbor 

 of tbe Pali apborism must bave bad before bim not only tbe text of tbe 

 Katantra ruling, but even tbe commentary of Durgasinba upon it. 



Again, Fancami and Sattami for tbe Imperative and Potential moods 

 are terms peculiar to Kacbcbayana and tbe Katantras (v. Kat. Kar. 18 and 

 20.) The Balavatara explains tbat they are ' the terminology of former 

 teacbers,' and Sadda Niti states tbat those terms are ' in accordance witb 

 Sanskrit grammars sucb as the Katantra.' [D'Alwis, Cat. p. 61.] 



We may infer, therefore, from bis baving the Katantra before bim, 

 tbat tbe author of Kacbcbayana's grammar did not live prior to tbe tenth 

 century A. D. 



It may be accepted as an historical fact tbat Buddhagbosa, bearing 

 the Buddhist scriptures from Ceylon, came to Thahtun, which is situated 

 a few miles north of Martaban, and which was then tbe capital city of 

 one of tbe Talaing states. The year given for bis arrival in the histories 

 is A. D. 403, but probably he came within tbe period included in A. D. 

 410 — 432. At this time there does not appear to bave been much inter- 

 course between the Takings and Burmese. Buddhism was in a very 

 corrupt state. We read of no effort being made to disseminate copies of 

 these scriptures, and the Burmese people in tbe central Irrawaddy 

 country appear to bave remained isolated for some centuries. 



About six hundred years after, in the early part of tbe eleventh 

 century A. D., the great hero of the later Burmese history, Anaurahta, 

 ascended tbe throne, and restored the ancient power of the Burmese 

 monarchy. That this king conquered Thahtun, and procured the Bud- 

 dhist scriptures from thence, cannot be doubted. His reform of religion 

 is minutely and graphically described. He reigned forty- two years. f 



About seven years after the death of Anaurahta, certain Malabar 

 princes invaded Ceylon, and obtained sovereignty over tbe island for 

 twelve years, viz., 1059 — 1071 A. D. They were tbe most determined 

 foes of Buddhism, and are stated to bave systematically effected the 

 destruction of all tbe sacred books they could lay hands on. These were 

 afterwards replaced from Burma. 



* Separate edition. Paris, 1871. 



t Cf. History of the Burma race, by Sir A. P. Phayre, J. A. S. B. 1868, 

 pp. 105, 106. 



