122 G. E. Fryer — The Pdli Orammnrian ILicltchdijnna. [Aug., 



It has been satisfactorily proved by D'Alwisthat Kachchayana's gram- 

 mar was not known to Buddliagliosa ; he makes no allusion to it, nor is 

 there any agreement between the terminology of Buddhaghosa and Kach- 

 chayana. The Burmese acknowledge that they received it from Ceylon, 

 and since it appeared after Buddhaghosa, it must have been composed 

 subsequent to the date of the destruction of the sacred books in 1071 

 A. D., ^. e., towards the close of the eleventh century. But for many- 

 years the island was torn by internal dissensions, and it was not until the 

 close of the twelfth century, during the reign of king Purakrama Bdhu I, 

 a monarch who is styled " the most martial, enterprising, and glorious in 

 Sinhalese history", that a new impulse was given to Pali grammatical 

 literature, and that we hear tue names of the earliest disciples of Buddha 

 revived in the persons of eminent priests, whose literary tastes found 

 encouragement under that enlightened monarch. 



Thus the founders of the two schools of Pali Grammar assumed 

 respectively^ the names of the right and left hand disciples of Gotama, 

 mz.^ Sariputta, and Moggallana This may have* given rise to the tradition 

 that Kachchayana's grammar was written about 500 years before the Chris- 

 tian ^ra. 



It is probable that Sariputta was some years older than Moggallana, 

 as the latter acknowledges his obligations to the former as his preceptor, 

 and dedicates some of his works to him. It is true that the dedication 

 might have been made in honour of the memory of some eminent priest 

 of ancient times, yet the fact remains that the first distinguished priest, 

 bearing that name, of whom mention is made subsequent to the age of 

 the Katantras, is Sariputta, the author of the Vinaya-sangaha and other 

 works, and the contemporary of Moggallana. 



It is hoped that tlie foregoing statements will prove to the reader 

 that the Pali grammar of Kachchayana is based on the Katantra, and that 

 Kachchayana lived in or about the twelfth century of the Christian era. 



A list is appended of some of the treatises, on grammar, rhetoric 

 and prosody, which are to be found in the monasteries of Burma. 



