6 W. Theobald — Description of a tivo Ooivrce piece. [Jan. 



In addition to the 'pana,' there are slso recorded pieces of IJ, 2J, 

 3j and 5 pauas in value, the last ranging as high as 720 grains. 





The 



' pana ' was subdivided a 





Pan a or 



20 ganda piece 



1 



2 







10 „ 



1 

 4 







5 „ (or ' kAkini ') 



1 

 8 







2i „ (i 'kakini') 



1 

 TO 







2 „ 



1 



1 6 







IJ „(l 'kakini') 



iV 







1 „ 



80 courees = 



: 140 grains, 



40 

 20 

 10 



70 „ 

 35 „ 

 17 5 



8 

 4 



14 



8 75 



7 



In this table no smaller coin is mentioned than the twentieth part 

 of a 'pana,' of 7 grains weight and the value of four cowrees, but in 

 General Cunningham's paper on the coins of the Nine Nagas, in the 

 Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal for 1865, page 115, reference 

 is made to a coin of 4J grains, but from the context it would appear to be 

 a worn specimen, as it is regarded as a quarter ' kakini,' the mean 

 weight of which is taken as 7 grains. These quarter ' kakinis ' are, 

 it may be well to remember, round coins, whose weight, especially in the 

 smaller denominations, is less easy to adjust with accuracy, than in the 

 case of square coins, and whose value is too trivial to render such accu- 

 racy important. 



The coin now "under consideration is square, quite unworn and in 

 excellent preservation, and weighs 4*5. It is symmetrically shaped, 

 and each side measures 0*25 of an inch. From its weight I was at 

 first inclined to regard it as the eighth part of a kakini or the equiva- 

 lent of 2J courees, but Sir Alexander Cunningham, whom I consulted, 

 is of opinion, it is rather the fortieth part of a ' pana ' or two couree 

 piece ' that division being more likely than one involving the fractional 

 part of a couree. The highest weight of the pana is 144 grains, so that 

 the calculated weight of ^^^ of a pana should be no more than grains 8'6 

 which makes the piece under consideration not quite one grain in 

 excess, but as before remarked, in such minute pieces exactness can 

 hardly be looked for, and the present piece is in exceptional preserva- 

 tion. Four pieces in Sir Alexander's cabinet from Eran weigh no 

 more than 12 grains, ranging between 2*75 to 3"75 grains, so that it may 

 fairly be concluded, that a two couree piece of the ideal weight of 3'6 

 grains was a recognised issue of the Eran and Ujain mints. The 

 obverse displays part of two circles, which in all probability constitute 

 a portion of the symbol of Ujain, sometimes called the ' four-balled 

 cliakra', consisting of four circles usually united by a cross. There is 

 also a circle, or wheel, surmounted by two ' chattras ' a symbol analo- 



