Eighth Report of the state Entomologist. 141 



Cecidomyid larva Smith: in Ann. Kept. Dept, Agrioul. for 1884. 1885. pp, 896 



398, pi. 9, fig. 6 (at Meriden, Conn., larva figured). 

 Diplosis nigra [?]. Riley: iw Ann. Rept. Dept. Agricnl. for 1885. 1886, pp. 



283-289, pi. 7, figs. 2, 3, 4 (history, habits, description, remedies, etc.); 



in Wien. Entomolog. Zeit., vi, 1887, p. 201. 



Diplosis pyrivora Riley-Howard: in Insect Life, i, 1888, p. 120 (in England); 

 in /(/., ii, 1889 (in England); in id., iv, 1891, p. 161 (in New York). 



Diplosis pyrivora. Meade: in Entomologist, xxi, 1888, pp. 123-131. 



Ceddomyia nigra. Bloomfield: in Ent. Month. Mag., xxiv, 1888, p, 278 

 (operations in England); in id., xxv. 1889, p. 323. 



Diplosis pyrivora. Llntner: in Albany Eve. Journ., May 30, 1891, p. 8, c. 1; 

 in The [New York] Sun, June 1, 1891, p. 3, c. 5; in Oswego Daily 

 Times, June 3, 1891, p. 5, c. 2, 3; in Garden and Forest, June 10, iv, 

 1891, p. 276: in New Engl. Homestead, June 13. 1891, xxv, p. 249. c. 4; 

 in Canad. Entomol. xxiii, 1891, p. 223. 



Pear midge. Coe: in Count. Gent., lvi, 1891, p. 896 (injuries lessening). 



Diplosis pyrivora. Smith: in Insect Life, iv, 1891, p. 45 (in New Jersey); in 

 Ann. Rept. N. J. Agr. Exp. St. for 1891, pp. 397-402, figs. 18, 19 (life- 

 history, spread, remedies); in Insect Life, v, 1892, p. 94 (in New Jersey). 



Ceddomyia nigra Meig. Ritzema Bos.: Tierische Schadlinge und Ni'itzlinge, 

 1891, p. 587. 



Cecidomyia nigra Meig. Theobald: British Flies, 1892, p. 64 (in England). 



The Pear-tree Seriously Attacked. 



It is quite remarkable that while the apple tree has drawn to it, in 

 this country, 280 known species of attacking insects, and a large 

 number of them quite injurious ones, the pear tree should have so long 

 escaped with but a moderate amount of insect injury, either to its 

 trunk, its foliage or to the fruit. Its worst enemies have never been 

 very destructive, and nearly all of them are only of occasional occur- 

 rence and local in their operations. Mr. E. P. Powell, a successful 

 pear grower in central Xew York, has recently written: "The apple 

 has four serious enemies [referring to the codling-moth, the tent-cater- 

 pillar, the apple-tree aphis and the fall web-worm], while apart from 

 blight, the pear has none." 



At the present time, this favorable condition of the pear seems to be 

 seriously threatened, and pear growers in the Hudson river valley are 

 confronted with two small insect pests, either of which, should it con- 

 tinue to multiply and extend, as it gives promise of doing, would prove 

 a greater obstacle to successful pear culture than all of our other pear 

 insects combined. While the pear midge confines its operations to the 

 fruit, the pear Psylla not only blights the fruit but may so impair the 

 vitality of the tree as eventually to kill it. This last-named insect will 

 be noticed hereafter. 



