patrick matthew 193 



Phacidiace^. 



Phacidmm multivalve Kze. and Schmidt. 59. Aintree, Eiving- 

 ton, Ormskirk. 60. Silverdale, Abbeystead, Gressingham, and 

 Wennington. Occurs on dead leaves of holly. 



Trochila craterium Fr. 59. Eivington, March, 1911 ; Formby, 

 June, 1910. 60. Wennington, August, 1910 ; Bay Horse, April, 

 1911. On dead ivy leaves. 



T. ilicis Cronan. Common on fallen holly leaves. 59. Colne, 

 1910, H. Robinson ; Lathom, 1910 ; Aintree, 1908; Brinscall, 1911. 

 60. Wennington, Arkholme, Silverdale, Caton, and Brock, 1910. 



Bhytisma acerinum (Pers.). Very common throughout both 

 vice-counties. 



B. imnctatum (Pers.). Much more local than the preceding; 

 on leaves of sycamore. 60. Wennington, where it occurred 

 plentifully on quite young seedlings, August, 1910; Arkholme 

 Moor, Wh. ; Silverdale ; Eoeburndale, /. W. H. d H. J. W. 



B. salicinum (Pers.). 59. On leaves of S a lix repens a,t Formby 

 and Freshfield, 1908. 



EXOASCACE^. 



Exoascus turgidus Sadeb. {Ascomyces Phil.). 59. Simmons- 

 wood Moss, 1908 ; Ormskirk, 1910, W. G. T. & Wh. 60. Dolphin- 

 holme, April, 1911. Forming "witches brooms" on silver birch. 



Taphrina aurea Fr. 59. Leaves of Pojpulus nigra on the 

 banks of the Mersey, FHxton, 1909, H. M. 



PATRICK MATTHEW. 



(1790-1874.) 



By W. T. Calman, D.Sc, F.L.S. 



Patrick Matthew is mentioned by most historians of the 

 Evolution theory as one of those who anticipated Darwin and 

 Wallace in enunciating the principle of Natural Selection. Darwin 

 himself fully acknowledged Matthew's claim to priority, but beyond 

 the references in the historical introduction to the Origin of Species 

 and in Darwin's Life and Letters, very little is known about him, 

 and his book on Naval Timber and Arboricult^ire, published in 

 1831, has perhaps hardly received the attention it deserves. 



In a recent paper," Prof. Walther May gives a critical study 

 of Matthew's book. He points out that, though Wells and 

 Prichard preceded Matthew in recognizing the principle of 

 Natural Selection, they only discussed its application to the races 

 of mankind, while Matthew dealt with it as a factor in the 

 general evolution of organic nature. 



By the kindness of Prof. May, I have been put in communica- 

 tion with Miss Euphemia Matthew, who has been good enough 



* " Darwin und Patrick Matthew,' Zoologische Atwalen, Bd. iv. Heft 3, 

 1911, pp. 280-295, with portrait. 



Journal of Botany. — Vol. 50. [June, 1912.] p 



