'J THE GENUS FUMARIA IN BRITAIN 



This increased knowledge of the Fumitories was summarized in 

 1854 in an admirable monograph published at Lund by the 

 S^vedish botanist, Hammar, of which a Latin edition \Yas issued 

 from Upsala three years later. 



This monograph furnishes a comprehensive survey of the 

 development of our knowledge of the genus, which it classifies 

 (after excluding Platijcajmos Bernhardi) by a primary division 

 into three sections, based on the form of the corolla. These 

 sections are : (1) Officinales, in which the keels of the outer petals 

 are surrounded by broad, spreading wings reaching the apex, with 

 the inner petals broad and but little curved ; (2) CapreolatcB, in 

 which the margins of the upper petal are reflexed, and those of 

 the lower one very narrow and erect, in neither case reaching the 

 apex, while the inner petals are narrow and more or less curved 

 upwards ; (3) Agrarice, where the margins of the upper petal are 

 broad and patent-reflexed, and those of the lower one of medium 

 width and spreading, in both cases extending to the apex, with 

 an upward curving of the inner petals. The number of species 

 described under these sections is twenty-four, in addition to 

 which are several varieties. A fairly satisfactory figure of the 

 flower and fruit of each species, and of some of the varieties, is 

 appended to the monograph. 



In 1859 there appeared in the Transactions of the Linnean 

 Society (vol. iv. pp. 157 sqq.) a second paper by Babington on 

 these plants, which formed the basis of their arrangement in 

 British botany till my revision of the Capreolatce in the Journal 

 of Botany for 1902. Between these dates no further attention 

 seems to have been given to the genus in Britain, while abroad 

 little was published till a second monograph was produced in 

 1873 (in Flora) by the German botanist Haussknecht. 



In this monograph not only Platycajmos but Petrocapnos 

 Coss. (in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. ii. p. 305) is excluded from the genus ; 

 but such species as had been established since the date of Ham- 

 mar's work are incorporated, and five more are published for 

 the first time, with the result that, after changes of status in 

 the case of several forms, the total number of species becomes 

 thirty-three. 



The arrangement of the species differs essentially from that of 

 Hammar, the genus being first divided into two sections only, 

 viz. Angustisectm, having leaf-segments linear or linear-lanceolate, 

 always longer than broad ; and Latisectm, with broader, more 

 ovate leaf-segments, not much longer than broad. Each of these 

 sections is subdivided into three classes, the AngustisectcB into 

 Officinales, Parvifiorm, and Latisepalm, from the types of F. offici- 

 nalis, F. parvifiora, and F. micrantha respectively ; and the Lati- 

 sectce into Murales, Capreolatce, and Agrarice after the types of 

 F. muralis, F. capreolata, and F. agraria. As will be shown later 

 on, the views adopted respecting several of the species diverge 

 materially from those of Hammar. 



Since the publication of Haussknecht's monograph further 

 additional species have been described, to the number of nine, so 



