b THE GENUS FUMARIA IN BRITAIN 



its corolla, and F. macrosepala Boiss. in its fruit, mark a transition 

 to^Ya^ds the AgraricB, while F. gaditana Haussk. shows a general 

 approach to F. muralis Sonder. 



1. FuMARIA CAPREOLATA L. 



At the time of writing on this plant in 1902 (see Jom^n. Bot. 

 p. 131) I pointed out that the form inhabiting the Channel Islands 

 differed from that prevailing in Britain. Not questioning the 

 identity of the latter with the European F. cai^reolata L., as 

 generally understood, I proceeded to show that the former was 

 practically the same plant as F. speciosa Jord., which name I 

 proposed to adopt in a subspecific sense. The examination of 

 further material has since induced me to modify this view^ 



F. capreolata was first published in Species Plantarum, ed. 1, 

 p. 701, the species being founded on Bauhin, Pin. 143 (1623), 

 and Eay, Hist. i. 405 (1686). No specimen of the plant intended 

 exists in the Linnean Herbarium, but Linnaeus remarks of it, 

 " Habitat in G. Narbonensi, Anglia. Pedunculi partiales recur- 

 vati sunt." 



The form frequent in the South of France, which has coloured 

 flowers and is supposed to be the plant of Bauhin, w^as described 

 as a distinct species, F. speciosa, by Jordan in his Catalogue of 

 Grenoble Plants (1849) ; and five years afterwards in Schultz's 

 Archives (p. 305) this author proposed to designate the pale- 

 flowered French form F. pallidiflora, abandoning the Linnean 

 name F. capreolata altogether. In this he was follow^ed by 

 Babington, who, in Trans. Linn. Soc, identified also the British 

 form wath F. pallidiflora. 



The Linnean name is retained, however, in Hammar's mono- 

 graph, where it is stated of the type, " corolla dorsum roseum 

 habet" ; and two varieties are shown, characterized as follows: — 



P speciosa. — " Floribus majoribus, magis purpurascentibus, 

 densius racemosis, petalo inferiore ssepe patulo, sepalis latioribus 

 subintegris." 



y albiflora. — "Floribus minoribus, albidis, apice atropurpureis, 

 sepalis aliquanto longioribus." 



These varieties are not recognized by Haussknecht, who admits 

 two forms only of the European plant, viz. grandiflora, to which 

 he says F. speciosa Jord. belongs, and parviflora, which includes 

 F. pallid iflorcc Jord. He adds that the species is easily distin- 

 guished by its large sepals, recurved pedicels, and proportionately 

 small, smooth fruits, and attributes the difl'erences between the 

 two forms to environment, grandiflora prevailing in spring in 

 dry sunny places, and parviflora being the product of shady 

 damper ground in summer. 



Nicotra follows the arrangement of Hammar with the varieties 

 [3 flavescens { = F. pallidiflora Jord.) and y speciosa { = F. speciosa 

 Jord.) ; and in Kouy and Foucaud's Flore de France (i. p. 171) the 

 forms stand thus : — 



" a albiflora Hamm. Mon." (= F. pallidiflora Jord.). 



" j3 speciosa Hamm. Mon." (= F. speciosa Jord.). 



