X, B, 3 Barber et al.: Malaria in the Philippines 229 
malarial fever that could be traced to the city of Cebu. Maj. 
Roger Brook,” of the United States Army, reports on the prac- 
tical absence of cases of malaria contracted in Cebu by soldiers 
at Warwick Barracks in Cebu city. On the whole, it may be 
concluded that the amount of indigenous malaria in the province 
is comparatively small. In some localities we were informed 
that fever formerly prevailed in places where the jungle was 
being cleared. The province as a whole is densely populated 
and relatively free from jungle. 
In our mosquito survey of the province all the common species 
of anopheles were found; Anopheles rossu was plentiful, A. febri- 
fer occurred in moderate numbers, and A. barbirosiris and A. 
maculatus were few. With the exception of localities occupied 
by A. rossi there were few breeding places and the number of 
anopheles was comparatively small. Anopheles rossii was found 
abundantly in some brackish pools in the city of Cebu. Major . 
Brook reports the finding of A. rossi and A. ludlowii in Cebu. 
Laguna Province is in a volcanic region and is well watered 
by numerous brooks and rivers which flow the year around. 
There is a great variety of topography, and large areas, espe- 
cially in the mountains, are covered with jungle. As shown 
in the tables, the rice-field regions, some of them irrigated the 
year around, are comparatively free from malaria, while there 
is a much larger amount of malaria in the hill towns. The 
province as a whole contains much more malaria than Cebu. 
In general in the Archipelago, regions long cultivated are 
freer from malaria than newer localities. The sparsely settled 
Islands of Mindoro and Palawan are notoriously malarious, and 
much malaria is reported from Mindanao. However, the “ditch” 
towns, which show such a high degree of endemic malaria, are 
old towns, and what is at present probably the most highly in- 
fected place in the Philippines, the line of construction of the 
Manila Railroad Company in Tayabas, is in part in an old 
settled region. However, in this place there has been a large 
importation of laborers, and the railroad line penetrates some 
areas either original jungle or once cultivated and now reclaimed 
by the jungle. A region planted with coconut trees, especially, 
is likely to be allowed to relapse into jungle along the streams 
and in areas not occupied by the coconut trees. Often the edges 
and sometimes other parts of towns are practically jungle (Mag- 
dalena, Majayjay, and Bongabon). A considerable proportion 
" Milit. Surgeon (1914), 34, 201. 
