298 The Philippine Journal of Science 1915 
mucosa. On removal of this there are found very numerous petechie in 
the mucosa. In addition, there are numerous excavations mostly circular 
in outline which are not deep and do not extend beneath the submucosa; 
their bases are flat and very deep red in color, and the mucosa immediately 
surrounding them is also very deep red in addition to presenting the 
petechial hemorrhages. The cardiac end of the csophagus is absolutely 
normal in appearance, and the sharp demarcation of the congestion and 
hzmorrhages which begins at the cardiac orifice is very striking. 
The retroperitoneal tissues. On dissecting up the peritoneum from the 
course of the iliac vessels and the aorta, there is found a diffuse hemorrhagic 
condition which extends up as high as the celiac axis and outward over 
the poles of both kidneys. On dissection into this hemorrhagic tissue there 
are found numerous, enlarged, softened, and hemorrhagic lymphatie glands, 
some of which show small yellowish areas. The tissues between these 
lymphatic glands are so hemorrhagic as to make the differentiation between 
the lymphatic tissue and intervening tissue rather difficult. This com- 
pletely surrounds the abdominal aorta, which is of a very small caliber; 
its endothelium, however, is smooth. 
The head. The structures of the scalp and calyarium are normal. The 
dura mater is nonadherent and is rather bluish externally and pale and 
smooth internally. There is no excess of fluid in the meninges over the 
hemispheres or at the base. The meningeal vessels are filled with blood. 
The ventricles are not distended. The ependyma is smooth. Section of the 
brain substance reveals no gross lesions. 
Section into the axille shows normal lymphatic structures. 
The report on bacteriological examination of material obtained by autopsy 
was made by Doctor Schébl, of the Bureau of Science. Specimens subjected 
to examination consisted of: 
(1) Smears from the retroperitoneal hemorrhagic glands, from the 
spleen, and from the lungs. 
(2) Cultures on agar slants made at the autopsy. 
All smears revealed numerous typical plague bacilli (Gram-negative). 
Cultures from the spleen: Scanty growth was noticed on the surface 
of the culture medium at the end of twenty-four hours’ incubation. Smears 
were made from the water of condensation. They showed typical bipolar- 
staining bacilli arranged in chains. In forty-eight hours small colonies de- 
veloped on the surface, showing typical shape and elevated, granular center, 
with thin wavy margin. The culture was agglutinated by antiplague serum. 
Cultures from the glands: Cultures were slightly contaminated. Sub- 
cultures were pure and typical for plague. 
Animal experiment: Owing to the purity of the spleen cultures one 
guinea pig was infected by subcutaneous, another one by intraperitoneal 
infection. They both died on the fourth day after inoculation and exhibited 
typical lesions in the inguinal glands at the place of infection and in the 
spleen. Upon microscopical examination of the smears made from the 
bubo, spleen, and blood of the diseased animals typical B. pestis were found. 
HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE STOMACH AND INTESTINE 
A catarrhal condition of the mucosa of the stomach and in- 
testine is almost constant in bubonic plague. The hemorrhages 
which have been spoken of as of such frequent occurrence in the 
gastric and intestinal mucosa are, as a rule, very superficial. 
