1884.] J. Beanies — On the Geography of India in the reign of Akbar. 89 



were subdivided into Mahals. Mr. Beames' reconstruction of the Subah 

 of Oudh may be summarized as follows : — 



1. Sarkar Oudh. — 21 mehals or pergunnas ; area, 27,96,206 bighas ;* 

 Revenue 4,09,56,347 dams nagdi, 16,80,247 dams sayurghal; Castes 

 various ; 1,340 cavalry, 23 elephants, 31,700 infantry. 



This Sarkar was a compact tract of about 90 miles in length, lying 

 principally on the right bank of the Chauka and Ghogra. The breadth 

 varies very much and cannot be exactly stated. At its north-west end, it 

 is much mixed up with Sarkars Lakhnau and Bahraich and two detached 

 portions of the former Sarkar are included in it on its south-east side. 

 On the south, it marches with Sarkars Manikpuri and Jaunpore of the 

 Subah of Ilahabad. 



II. Sarkar Gorakhpur. 



24 mahals. Area, 24,42,836 bigahs. Revenue, 1,19,26,790 dams 

 nagdi ; 51,235 s. ; Castes various ; 1,000 horse, 22,000 foot. 



This Sarkar stretches from the Gandak to the Ghogra, including 

 the modern districts of Gorakhpur and Basti in the N". W. P. and the 

 greater part of Gonda in Oiidh. The western boundary where it marches 

 with Sarkar Bahraich is extremely indefinite, and the same may be said of 

 the north boundary. Even in the present day, a very large portion of this 

 tract is covered by dense forests and this must have been the case to a 

 greater extent in the 16th century. The small areas given for the per- 

 gunnahs clearly prove this. There were clearings in the forests here and 

 there which were loosely grouped together under local names taken from 

 some Hindu Chief or Afghan adventurer who was powerful in those parts. 



III. Sarkar Bahraich. 



11 mahals. Area 18,23,235 bigahs. Revenue 2,41,20,525 d. 

 4,66,482 s. ; Castes various ; 1,170 horse ; 14,000 foot. 



This Sarkar appears to have occupied all the western portion of the 

 trans- Ghogra country ; its boundaries on the Gorakhpur side are very 

 uncertain. An immense proportion of it was jungle, with scattered 

 settlements of Rajput clans here and there. It stretched far up into the 

 Nipal Terai, and much of it was only nominally under Musalman sway. 



IY. Sarkar Khairdbdd. 

 22 mahals. Area 19,87,700 bigahs. Revenue 4,36,44,381 d. 

 1,71,342 s. ; Castes various ; 1,160 horse, 27,800 foot. 



This Sarkar includes the whole of western Oudh. In the southern 

 part, the mahals are generally traceable and well-defined, but in the 

 north the great submontane forest appears to have been only sparsely 

 * The areas given throughout only refer to cultivated land. 



