1884.] Exhibition of clay seals from Ludiana. 139 



are the almost exact counterparts (allowance being, of course, made 

 for the fact, that they are reversed) of the coins figured in Prinsep's 

 Indian Antiquities (ed. Thomas), Plate XXI, Nos. 16 and 17, and Gen. 

 Cunningham's Arch. Reports, Yol. XIV, Plate XXXI, Nos. 9, 10, 11. 

 Indeed Prinsep's No. 16 is so strikingly like the impression, that it 

 appears very probable that a coin of that issue actually served as the 

 die from which these three ' seals ' were made. On comparing the 

 figured coins with my description of the seals, it will be seen that 

 the single seal is an impression of the obverse of the coin, while the 

 duplicate seal is impressed from the reverse. It may be also noted that 

 the marginal circle of dots appears only on the reverse of the coin, 

 while it is absent on the obverse, exactly as on the seals. The indistin- 

 guishable object on the obverse, below the left hand of the royal figure, 

 is by Gen. Cunningham supposed to be the figure of a cock, and the 

 inscription is read by him : Jaya Yaudheya ganasya, i. e., " Hail to the 

 Yaudheya race." (Arch. Rep., Vol. XIV, p. 141.) The Yaudheya coins, 

 from which the seals were made, are of copper and of small value ; and 

 perhaps it may be conjectured that these fictitious seals were made by 

 poor people who in this way wished to escape payment of a, for them 

 probably, considerable fee chargeable by the temple authorities for the 

 making of a properly stamped votive tablet. 



4. There is one very large seal in the collection which tends to 

 confirm the surmise regarding the use of Yaudheya coins as dies of some 

 seals. This seal bears the figure of a humped bull moving to the right, 

 and above it, the inscription in three lines : %rip7T*f oT^^VTRF yodheyd- 

 nam jaya-mamtra-dhardnatn " (the votive tablet) of the Yaudheyas who 

 know how to devise victory ;" the language again being North Western 

 Pali. The figure of the bull is exactly the same as that on some of the 

 Yaudheya coins, so also the style of the letters of the inscription. Re- 

 garding the Yaudheyas, Gen. Cunningham says (Arch. Rep., Vol. XIV, 

 pp. 139, 140), that " they were one of the most warlike tribes in the 

 North West and that though they now occupy both banks of the Satlej 

 along the Bhawalpur frontier, in ancient times their territory must have 

 extended much further to the north and east, as their coins are found all 

 over the country as far as Delhi and Ludiana." All this fully agrees 

 with the fact of ' seals ' connected with them and their coins having 

 been found at Sonait, near Ludiana. 



With regard to the age of these seals or votive tables, they may 

 with much probability be ascribed to the 3rd Cent. A. D. The figures on 

 their coins, of which some of the seals bear impressions, are evidently 

 copied from the Indo- Scythian money of Kanishka and Vasudeva, while 

 they also show some resemblance to the earliest Gupta coinage of Katot- 



