IGG Edjeiulralala Mitra — On tlie Hdtliigumpliii Inscrijytion. [July, 



worshippers of the Persian Mitra. It was likewise a mark placed among 

 the Greeks on the culprits reprieved from death, and affixed on the roll-call 

 of Roman legions against the names of the living. It was the same with 

 the Grammadera, first seen in Greek and Italian pottery (B. C. 700 to 500). 

 In Schliemann's Troy there were several drawings which showed the symbol 

 to have been common enough among the Trojans. It had been also met with 

 on Scandinavian gold ornaments of the Bronze period. A modification of 

 it was the distinctive badge of Xa c a J ap oni cu s, and the crux ansata 

 and the sistrum were allied to it. Persons were not wanting who fancied the 

 European coronation orb to be closely related to this mj'^stic cross. Dr. 

 Inman took it to be a Phallic symbol, and Max Miiller thought it to be the 

 monogram of man. That it was intimately connected with the pre-Chris- 

 tian cross, none who had studied the history of ancient symbols would for 

 a moment deny. 



The following is a copy of his revised translation. 

 Line 1. Salutation to those who have overcome all human passions 

 i. e., Arhats ; salutation to all who have attained perfection. 



By Aira, the great king, who has a mighty elephant for his vehicle, 

 who has lavished his wealth in erecting Chaityas, who is distinguished by 

 the attributes of S'akya, who is renowned for having looted the earth to 

 its outermost limits, who is the sovereign of Kalinga, has this hill been 

 excavated. 



Line 2. Having devoted fifteen years to juvenile pastimes, and nine 

 years to the acquisition of (different) forms of writing, arithmetic, civil 

 polity and laws, he, (/^ ira) wishing to be a king, with a giant's vigour and 

 an endless army, becorivig victorious in the third 



Line 3. Battle in the capital of the Royal dynasty, of Kalinga, 

 receives royal unction. 



Devoted to the duty of kings he causes the gates, walls and houses 

 (of the city ? or of the palace ?) which had been destroyed by the rain 

 and wind, to be repaired. 



In the city of Kalinga, a lake (with water) refreshing as the moon- 

 beam and a ghat and many roads for all kinds of equipages, he causes to be 

 Line 4. Consecrated. He causes the gratification of hundreds of 

 thousands of his subjects whose heads are bent down in salutation. 



In the second year (of his reign), reflecting on his interest, he causes 

 to be placed on the west side (strong detachments of) horses, elephants 

 men, war-chariots, and pike- bearers. 



For (the gratification of) those who came from Kansa forest to be- 

 hold (the rejoicings) as also for that of the inhabitants of the town of 

 Tanasiko, on the following year, 



Line 5. He causes to be celebrated an entertainment with the music 



