188 li. Lydekker — Mammalian Fauna of the Wardwdn Valleys. [AuausT, 

 RE = Const. X ,^. ^^"'^ ,,3 



{f + r ^-kiy 



which has a maximum both with respect to /"and to r, namely, for : — 



These maxima conditions are simultaneously fulfilled by : — 

 r=f= \kl. 



2. Notes on the Mammalian Fauna of the Wardwdn and Tipper Ghendh 



Valleys. — By R. Ltdekkee, B. A., Geological Survey of India, 



(Abstract.) 



In this paper notes are given of several mammals inhabiting the Ward- 

 wan and Upper Chenab valleys, south-east of Kashmir. The list is imper- 

 fect as scarcely any micro-mammalia, and no bats are mentioned. The 

 following is a list of the species noticed, or the existence of which within 

 the region has been ascertained : Macacus rhest^s, Semnopithecus schistaceus, 

 Felis pardus, F. uncia, Ursus isahellinus, U. Tihetanus, Ganis (vulpes) mon- 

 tanus, and another large dark-coloured fox, resembling the dark variety 

 of C. leucopus, a weasel not identified, but possibly Mustela Icathiah, Arcto- 

 mys Simalayanus, Lagomys Boylei, Fteromys inornatus, Moschus moschi- 

 ferus, Semitragusjemlaicus,]Sfemorhoedusgoral, Gapra sihirica, Sus indicus. 

 A tiger is said to have been killed in the Wardwan valley, and Gervus Gash- 

 merianus is occasionally found on the Kashmir side of the river, but it does 

 not cross to the opposite bank. 



Of the animals named, four species, viz., Felis uncia, Ganis montanus, 

 Arctomys Simalayanus, and Gapra sihirica belong to the Tibetan fauna. 



Mr. W. T. Blanfoed said — it was very important to have accurate lists 

 of animals inhabiting various localities, as it was impossible to determine 

 questions of distribution without a better knowledge of the range of spe- 

 cies than we now possess. Such lists are peculiarly interesting when, as in 

 the present case, they refer to a locality on the limits of two different great 

 regions ; the Wardwan and Chenab valleys being on the confines of the 

 Tibetan province, belonging to the Palsearctic region, and of the Himalayan 

 , province, the fauna of which is Oriental. 



The large fox mentioned by Mr. Lydekker can scarcely be V. leucopus, 

 which is smaller than V. montanus. It is more probably the large form of 

 montanus found in Tibet and Turkestan, and apparently identical with V. 

 ■flavescens, Gray. 



